{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159633049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.1995.8746020","title":"Determination of the age distribution of sea ice from lagrangian observations of ice motion","display_name":"Determination of the age distribution of sea ice from lagrangian observations of ice motion","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159633049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.1995.8746020","mag":"2159633049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.1995.8746020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.1995.8746020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023721821","display_name":"R. Kwok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-5896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Kwok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Califomia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91 109 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Califomia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91 109 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108369605","display_name":"D. A. Rothrock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Andrew Rothrock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, College of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, College of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076200565","display_name":"Harry L. Stern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-7708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry L. Stern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, College of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, College of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088263950","display_name":"G. F. Cunningham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6990-2924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glenn F. Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Califomia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91 109 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Califomia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91 109 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023721821"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2656,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8737419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"2","first_page":"392","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.7574169635772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.6694735288619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.5853118300437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-ice-pack","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","score":0.5803209543228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-thickness","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","score":0.4936014413833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4720148742198944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drift-ice","display_name":"Drift ice","score":0.4352501928806305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-age","display_name":"Ice age","score":0.42954036593437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3829704225063324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.20365911722183228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.18150407075881958}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.7574169635772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6694735288619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.5853118300437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.5803209543228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.4936014413833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4720148742198944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196735533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378564","display_name":"Drift ice","level":4,"score":0.4352501928806305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39996641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49367","display_name":"Ice age","level":3,"score":0.42954036593437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3829704225063324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.20365911722183228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.18150407075881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15739521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602963","display_name":"Glacial period","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.1995.8746020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.1995.8746020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6050834","https://openalex.org/W578260984","https://openalex.org/W1482694869","https://openalex.org/W2092048827","https://openalex.org/W2136123252","https://openalex.org/W2141482216","https://openalex.org/W2142309119","https://openalex.org/W2149997669","https://openalex.org/W2169837370","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W827104527","https://openalex.org/W3151917547","https://openalex.org/W2584433234","https://openalex.org/W206690607","https://openalex.org/W4240873802","https://openalex.org/W2922651963","https://openalex.org/W3147447286","https://openalex.org/W1981028522","https://openalex.org/W4380079666","https://openalex.org/W2187061188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,99,115],"procedure":[1,245],"for":[2,166,201,242,246],"monitoring":[3],"the":[4,9,20,42,55,65,71,83,113,123,127,142,168,191,195,208,247,254,259],"local":[5],"age":[6,17,27,108,188,196,205,294],"distribution":[7,18,206,217],"of":[8,35,45,57,64,73,76,88,147,179,194,207,256,269,277],"Arctic":[10,248],"sea":[11],"ice":[12,24,52,84,104,125,133,149,157,170,173,210,228,293],"cover":[13],"is":[14,38,118,153,163,174,263],"presented.":[15],"The":[16,86,132,145,204,261],"specifies":[19],"area":[21,87,146,161],"covered":[22],"by":[23,167],"in":[25,60,105,112,126,134,150,190,258],"different":[26],"classes.":[28],"In":[29],"our":[30],"approach,":[31],"a":[32,46,74,106,177,186,215,219,232,239,266,275,281],"regular":[33],"array":[34],"grid":[36],"points":[37,59,69],"defined":[39],"initially":[40],"on":[41],"first":[43],"image":[44,95],"long":[47],"time":[48,97,143,267],"series,":[49],"and":[50,80,198,227,295],"an":[51,156],"tracker":[53],"finds":[54],"positions":[56],"those":[58],"all":[61],"subsequent":[62],"images":[63,273],"series.":[66,144],"These":[67],"Lagrangian":[68],"mark":[70],"corners":[72],"set":[75],"cells":[77],"that":[78,103,162],"move":[79],"deform":[81],"with":[82,92,265,286],"cover.":[85],"each":[89,93,135,151],"cell":[90,136,152],"changes":[91],"new":[94,107],"or":[96,171,230],"step.":[98],"positive":[100],"change":[101,117],"indicates":[102],"class":[109],"was":[110],"formed":[111],"cell.":[114],"negative":[116],"assumed":[119],"to":[120,176,214,290],"have":[121,185],"ridged":[122],"youngest":[124],"cell,":[128],"reducing":[129],"its":[130],"area.":[131],"ages":[137],"as":[138],"it":[139],"progresses":[140],"through":[141],"multiyear":[148,172],"computed":[154],"using":[155,218,231],"classification":[158],"algorithm.":[159],"Any":[160],"not":[164],"accounted":[165],"young":[169,192,209],"assigned":[175],"category":[178],"older":[180,202],"first-year":[181],"ice.":[182,203],"We":[183,237],"thus":[184],"fine":[187],"resolution":[189,200],"end":[193],"distribution,":[197],"coarse":[199],"can":[211],"be":[212,284],"converted":[213],"thickness":[216,296],"simple":[220],"empirical":[221],"relation":[222],"between":[223],"accumulated":[224],"freezing-degree":[225],"days":[226],"thickness,":[229],"more":[233],"complicated":[234],"thermodynamic":[235],"model.":[236],"describe":[238],"general":[240],"scheme":[241,282],"implementing":[243],"this":[244],"Ocean":[249],"from":[250],"fall":[251],"freeze-up":[252],"until":[253],"onset":[255],"melt":[257],"spring.":[260],"concept":[262],"illustrated":[264],"series":[268],"five":[270],"ERS-1":[271],"SAR":[272,288],"spanning":[274],"period":[276],"12":[278],"days.":[279],"Such":[280],"could":[283],"implemented":[285],"RADARSAT":[287],"imagery":[289],"provide":[291],"basin-wide":[292],"information.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}