{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417466090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3709161","title":"Energy-Efficient Multi-Radio Microwave and IAB-Based Fixed Wireless Access for Rural Areas","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Multi-Radio Microwave and IAB-Based Fixed Wireless Access for Rural Areas","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417466090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3709161"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2026.3709161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3709161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.13922","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046769944","display_name":"Anselme Ndikumana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3328-3695"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anselme Ndikumana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synchromedia Laboratory, &#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Universit&#x00E9; du Qu&#x00E9;bec, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3328-3695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synchromedia Laboratory, &#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Universit&#x00E9; du Qu&#x00E9;bec, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019659545","display_name":"Kim Khoa Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-7544"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim Khoa Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synchromedia Laboratory, &#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Universit&#x00E9; du Qu&#x00E9;bec, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-7544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synchromedia Laboratory, &#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Universit&#x00E9; du Qu&#x00E9;bec, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022601215","display_name":"Adel Larabi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094041","display_name":"Ericsson (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nas2c56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel Larabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["GAIA Montreal Ericsson, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAIA Montreal Ericsson, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015410834","display_name":"Mohamed Cheriet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5246-7265"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Cheriet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synchromedia Laboratory, &#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Universit&#x00E9; du Qu&#x00E9;bec, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5246-7265","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synchromedia Laboratory, &#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Universit&#x00E9; du Qu&#x00E9;bec, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01129505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"3541","last_page":"3554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.8148999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.8148999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.066600002348423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.43939998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-network","display_name":"Access network","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.3822000026702881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5587000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43939998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62793504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228327","display_name":"Access network","level":2,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1705053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747066","display_name":"Microwave transmission","level":3,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87379069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938054","display_name":"Wireless WAN","level":5,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2026.3709161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3709161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.13922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13922","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.13922","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:34067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/34067/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article publi\u00e9 dans une revue, r\u00e9vis\u00e9 par les pairs"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.13922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.13922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.13922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13922","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.13922","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5186806208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ALLRP 566589-21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deploying":[0],"fiber":[1],"optics":[2],"as":[3,41],"a":[4,42,55,63,99],"last-mile":[5],"solution":[6],"in":[7,24,85,103],"rural":[8,86,120],"areas":[9],"is":[10,27,58,126],"not":[11],"economically":[12],"viable":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,29,78,136,154,174,182],"low":[16],"population":[17],"density.":[18],"Nevertheless,":[19],"providing":[20],"high-speed":[21],"internet":[22],"access":[23],"these":[25],"regions":[26],"essential":[28],"promote":[30],"digital":[31],"inclusion.":[32],"5G":[33],"Fixed":[34],"Wireless":[35],"Access":[36,72],"(5G":[37],"FWA)":[38],"has":[39],"emerged":[40],"promising":[43],"alternative;":[44],"however,":[45],"its":[46],"one-hop":[47],"topology":[48],"limits":[49],"coverage.":[50],"To":[51,106],"overcome":[52],"this":[53],"limitation,":[54],"multi-hop":[56,65,191],"architecture":[57],"required.":[59],"This":[60],"work":[61],"proposes":[62],"unified":[64],"framework":[66,118],"that":[67],"integrates":[68],"long-haul":[69,188],"microwave,":[70],"Integrated":[71],"and":[73,76,82,115,148,158,190,206],"Backhaul":[74],"(IAB),":[75],"FWA":[77,117,171],"provide":[79],"wide":[80],"coverage":[81],"high":[83],"capacity":[84,135],"areas.":[87],"As":[88],"the":[89,124,128,142,184],"number":[90],"of":[91,151,187],"hops":[92],"increases,":[93],"total":[94],"energy":[95,138,156,185],"consumption":[96,186],"also":[97],"rises,":[98],"challenge":[100],"often":[101],"overlooked":[102],"existing":[104],"literature.":[105],"address":[107],"this,":[108],"we":[109,164],"propose":[110],"an":[111],"energy-efficient":[112],"multi-radio":[113],"microwave":[114,152,175,189],"IAB-based":[116,170,192],"for":[119,169],"area":[121],"connectivity.":[122],"When":[123],"network":[125,193],"underutilized,":[127],"proposed":[129],"approach":[130],"dynamically":[131],"operates":[132],"at":[133],"reduced":[134],"minimize":[137,183],"consumption.":[139],"We":[140],"optimize":[141,165],"off,":[143],"start-up,":[144],"serving,":[145],"deep":[146],"sleep,":[147],"wake-up":[149],"sates":[150],"radios":[153],"balance":[155],"use":[157],"satisfying":[159,195],"data":[160,196],"rate":[161,197],"requirements.":[162],"Additionally,":[163],"resource":[166],"block":[167],"allocation":[168],"nodes":[172],"connected":[173],"backhaul.":[176],"The":[177],"formulated":[178],"optimization":[179],"problems":[180,200],"aim":[181],"while":[194],"constraints.":[198],"These":[199],"are":[201],"solved":[202],"using":[203],"dual":[204],"decomposition":[205],"multi-convex":[207],"programming,":[208],"supported":[209],"by":[210],"dynamic":[211],"programming.":[212],"Simulation":[213],"results":[214],"demonstrates":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-12-18T00:00:00"}
