{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161137441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3693161","title":"Co-Design of Energy Storage and Resource Management for Cell-Free Radio Access Networks","display_name":"Co-Design of Energy Storage and Resource Management for Cell-Free Radio Access Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161137441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3693161"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2026.3693161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3693161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022326116","display_name":"X D Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-3149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056441052","display_name":"Yijun Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijun Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353006","display_name":"Xiaomei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6530-3825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136100159","display_name":"Wei Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-594X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-594X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136126495","display_name":"Yichuang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8352-2119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichuang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8352-2119","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136159636","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-3845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-3845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002152856","display_name":"S J Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-9235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70352621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"3034","last_page":"3047"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.36169999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.36169999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.305400013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.08240000158548355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-access","display_name":"Data access","score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.29339998960494995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5120999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46239998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198783460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629173","display_name":"Management system","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101541887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1555675","display_name":"Remote radio head","level":4,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62793504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228327","display_name":"Access network","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2026.3693161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3693161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G218396607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24DP1500703","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327061","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Minhang Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3361793765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2902304","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6684501307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2902303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8013796335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"25DP1500300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327061","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Minhang Science and Technology Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327061","display_name":"Shanghai Minhang Science and Technology Commission","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327803","display_name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cell-free":[0],"radio":[1],"access":[2,51],"network":[3],"(CF-RAN)":[4],"has":[5],"emerged":[6],"to":[7,99,134,174,195],"address":[8],"escalating":[9],"demands":[10],"in":[11,190,202],"future":[12],"mobile":[13],"communications.":[14],"The":[15,145],"growing":[16],"energy":[17,30,48,127,143],"expense":[18],"of":[19,28,50,64,92,150,178],"CF-RAN":[20,39,82],"necessitates":[21],"efficient":[22],"resource":[23,45,97,130],"management":[24,46],"and":[25,47,61,69,87,96,111,129,142,147,181,206],"the":[26,89,119,151,176],"integration":[27],"renewable":[29,37],"harvesting":[31],"systems.":[32],"While":[33],"prior":[34],"studies":[35],"on":[36,43,138,162],"energy-enabled":[38],"have":[40,55],"mainly":[41],"focused":[42],"antenna":[44],"consumption":[49],"points":[52],"(APs),":[53],"they":[54],"largely":[56],"overlooked":[57],"significant":[58],"power":[59],"usage":[60],"scheduling":[62],"requirements":[63],"central":[65],"processing":[66],"unit":[67],"(CPU)":[68],"joint":[70,90],"photovoltaic":[71],"(PV)":[72],"panel/battery":[73,94],"sizing.":[74],"To":[75],"bridge":[76],"these":[77],"gaps,":[78],"this":[79,163],"paper":[80],"integrates":[81],"with":[83],"smart":[84],"grid":[85],"technology":[86],"explores":[88],"optimization":[91,159,169],"PV":[93,179,204],"sizing":[95,203],"allocation":[98,131],"minimize":[100],"system":[101,192],"cost,":[102],"including":[103],"both":[104],"capital":[105],"expenditure":[106,113],"(CAPEX)":[107],"for":[108,115],"PV/battery":[109],"installation":[110],"operational":[112],"(OPEX)":[114],"long-term":[116],"operations.":[117],"Leveraging":[118],"stochastic":[120],"dual-subgradient":[121],"method,":[122],"we":[123],"develop":[124],"an":[125],"online":[126],"trading":[128],"(OER)":[132],"algorithm":[133],"enable":[135],"real-time":[136],"decisions":[137],"beamforming,":[139],"service":[140],"scheduling,":[141],"management.":[144],"feasibility":[146],"asymptotic":[148],"optimality":[149],"proposed":[152],"OER":[153],"are":[154],"rigorously":[155],"established":[156],"through":[157],"Lyapunov":[158],"techniques.":[160],"Building":[161],"asymptotically":[164],"optimal":[165],"solution,":[166],"particle":[167],"swarm":[168],"(PSO)":[170],"is":[171],"further":[172],"employed":[173],"optimize":[175],"sizes":[177],"panels":[180,205],"batteries":[182],"beforehand.":[183],"Simulation":[184],"results":[185],"demonstrate":[186],"a":[187],"62.7%":[188],"reduction":[189],"total":[191],"cost":[193],"compared":[194],"benchmark":[196],"approaches,":[197],"while":[198],"reducing":[199],"computational":[200],"complexity":[201],"batteries.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-15T00:00:00"}