{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130713468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3666650","title":"Cost-Efficient Service Function Chain Deployment in Satellite Optical Networks","display_name":"Cost-Efficient Service Function Chain Deployment in Satellite Optical Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130713468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3666650"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2026.3666650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3666650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tianhao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2663-2809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianhao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2663-2809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126475458","display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-1229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126449254","display_name":"Yongjun Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8943-8989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121177592","display_name":"Chenyu Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5681-0596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051788176","display_name":"Xuhao Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126457610","display_name":"Shanguo Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanguo Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0750-2340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35327482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"2447","last_page":"2462"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.7562999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.7562999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.1177000030875206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.03240000084042549,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network","display_name":"Virtual network","score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.37070000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.713699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779618445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640628","display_name":"Network service","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51332947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172305","display_name":"Shared resource","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51675839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665681","display_name":"Intelligent Network","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110994511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661020","display_name":"Next-generation network","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2026.3666650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3666650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4911199945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5323382461","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62125103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6072771429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024ZCJH02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6654145247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024ZCJH02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,55,131,138,149,161,171,178,183],"development":[2],"of":[3,33,133,182,188],"on-board":[4,82],"processing":[5],"(OBP)":[6],"and":[7,28,84,120,143,148,180,196],"inter-satellite":[8],"laser":[9],"links":[10],"(ISLL),":[11],"satellite":[12,79,114],"optical":[13,23],"networks":[14,24],"(SONs)":[15],"can":[16,60],"serve":[17],"as":[18,63,155],"a":[19,97,105,125,156],"complement":[20],"to":[21,77,89,111,169],"terrestrial":[22],"(TONs),":[25],"providing":[26],"computing":[27],"communication":[29],"services":[30,59],"for":[31],"Internet":[32],"Things":[34],"(IoT)":[35],"users":[36],"in":[37,43,93,186],"remote":[38],"areas.":[39],"To":[40],"improve":[41],"flexibility":[42,179],"IoT":[44,58],"service":[45,64],"delivery,":[46],"network":[47,72],"function":[48,65],"virtualization":[49],"(NFV)":[50],"has":[51],"been":[52],"integrated":[53],"into":[54],"SON,":[56],"where":[57],"be":[61],"abstracted":[62],"chains":[66],"(SFCs)":[67],"comprising":[68],"multiple":[69],"sequential":[70],"virtual":[71],"functions":[73],"(VNFs).":[74],"However,":[75],"due":[76],"short":[78],"life,":[80],"limited":[81],"resources,":[83],"diverse":[85],"user":[86],"demands,":[87],"how":[88],"efficiently":[90],"deploy":[91],"SFCs":[92],"SONs":[94],"still":[95],"remains":[96],"great":[98],"challenge.":[99],"In":[100,136],"this":[101],"paper,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"cost-efficient":[106],"SFC":[107,118,127,134,150,189],"deployment":[108,151],"(CE-SFCD)":[109],"scheme":[110,185],"jointly":[112],"optimize":[113],"battery":[115,139,192],"life":[116,193],"consumption,":[117,194],"latency,":[119,195],"resource":[121,144,197],"consumption":[122],"while":[123],"guaranteeing":[124],"high":[126],"acceptance":[128,190],"ratio":[129],"during":[130],"process":[132],"deployment.":[135],"CE-SFCD,":[137],"cost,":[140,142],"latency":[141],"cost":[145],"are":[146,167],"defined,":[147],"problem":[152,162],"is":[153,163],"formulated":[154],"multi-objective":[157],"optimization":[158],"problem.":[159],"Considering":[160],"NP-hard,":[164],"heuristic":[165],"algorithms":[166],"developed":[168],"realize":[170],"CE-SFCD":[172,184],"scheme.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"simulation":[175],"results":[176],"demonstrate":[177],"superiority":[181],"terms":[187],"ratio,":[191],"utilization.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T20:47:17.329874","created_date":"2026-02-21T00:00:00"}