{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123340891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3653056","title":"Joint Resource Allocation and Task Offloading for Heterogeneous Cloud-Edge-End Networks Assisted by NOMA","display_name":"Joint Resource Allocation and Task Offloading for Heterogeneous Cloud-Edge-End Networks Assisted by NOMA","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123340891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3653056"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2026.3653056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3653056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122882858","display_name":"Xiaoxuan Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxuan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110379231","display_name":"Liang Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6867-574X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105049194","display_name":"Jialin Hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialin Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jin Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-4674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhenjiang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1213-8686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenjiang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122851331","display_name":"Bin Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100559326","display_name":"Yanfei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0085-1545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122882858"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":127.9479,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99872201,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1765","last_page":"1778"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9290000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9290000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.014399999752640724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4074999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.866100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6416000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.524399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4074999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65714651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662626","display_name":"Multihoming","level":4,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51332947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172305","display_name":"Shared resource","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127964446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1092142","display_name":"Computational resource","level":3,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2026.3653056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2026.3653056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.44929566979408264,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1124826932","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3758789750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G626719739","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62402242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2916693941","https://openalex.org/W2933307142","https://openalex.org/W2971544482","https://openalex.org/W3012434840","https://openalex.org/W3043320740","https://openalex.org/W3045699231","https://openalex.org/W3049282540","https://openalex.org/W3080122404","https://openalex.org/W3080667742","https://openalex.org/W3082989441","https://openalex.org/W3092311181","https://openalex.org/W3126796721","https://openalex.org/W3190746070","https://openalex.org/W3209940515","https://openalex.org/W3213494992","https://openalex.org/W4211126203","https://openalex.org/W4213319591","https://openalex.org/W4214634553","https://openalex.org/W4281293975","https://openalex.org/W4285254773","https://openalex.org/W4285814780","https://openalex.org/W4294311004","https://openalex.org/W4312588618","https://openalex.org/W4312795736","https://openalex.org/W4313048468","https://openalex.org/W4317794926","https://openalex.org/W4324119577","https://openalex.org/W4385062369","https://openalex.org/W4386412404","https://openalex.org/W4390017875","https://openalex.org/W4401242700","https://openalex.org/W4407949821","https://openalex.org/W4408183478","https://openalex.org/W4410491687"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,13,100,125,134],"challenges":[3],"of":[4,17,99,143,149,154],"computational":[5],"task":[6,39,127],"offloading":[7,40],"for":[8,45,96,157],"resource-constrained,":[9],"heterogeneous":[10],"terminals":[11],"in":[12,26,141],"6G":[14],"Industrial":[15],"Internet":[16],"Things":[18],"(IIoT),":[19],"which":[20],"generate":[21],"computation-intensive":[22],"and":[23,38,48,58,70,74,152],"resource-efficient":[24],"tasks":[25],"real":[27],"time,":[28],"we":[29,52,112],"propose":[30],"a":[31,54,114],"Digital":[32,91],"Twin(DT)-driven":[33],"cloud-edge-end":[34,55],"collaborative":[35,56],"resource":[36],"allocation":[37],"(RATO)":[41],"model":[42,136],"that":[43,133],"accounts":[44],"both":[46],"latency":[47],"energy":[49,145],"consumption.":[50],"First,":[51],"establish":[53],"communication":[57,80],"computation":[59],"framework":[60],"by":[61],"integrating":[62],"cloud":[63],"computing":[64],"with":[65,82],"edge":[66,71,150],"computing,":[67],"accommodating":[68],"terminal":[69],"server":[72],"heterogeneity,":[73],"employing":[75],"Non-Orthogonal":[76],"Multiple":[77],"Access":[78],"(NOMA)":[79],"along":[81],"key":[83],"authentication":[84],"mechanisms":[85],"to":[86,106,123],"ensure":[87],"secure":[88],"communications.":[89],"Next,":[90],"Twin":[92],"technology":[93],"is":[94],"utilized":[95],"real-time":[97],"monitoring":[98],"physical":[101],"environment,":[102],"considering":[103],"simulation":[104],"bias":[105],"construct":[107],"accurate":[108],"DT":[109],"entities.":[110],"Finally,":[111],"employ":[113],"DT-driven":[115],"multi-agent":[116],"deep":[117],"deterministic":[118],"policy":[119],"gradient":[120],"(DT-MADDPG)":[121],"algorithm":[122],"derive":[124],"optimal":[126],"scheduling":[128],"strategy.":[129],"Simulation":[130],"results":[131],"demonstrate":[132],"proposed":[135],"significantly":[137],"outperforms":[138],"existing":[139],"schemes":[140],"terms":[142],"delay,":[144],"cost,":[146],"load":[147],"balancing":[148],"servers,":[151],"Quality":[153],"Service":[155],"(QoS)":[156],"terminals.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
