{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117453772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2025.3649278","title":"Cost Optimization of UAV Swarm Network for Persistent Emergency Communication","display_name":"Cost Optimization of UAV Swarm Network for Persistent Emergency Communication","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117453772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2025.3649278"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2025.3649278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2025.3649278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020508494","display_name":"Changtong Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changtong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6640-8919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121505713","display_name":"Xin Xin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009617425","display_name":"Yueyue Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-987X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueyue Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-987X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121474066","display_name":"Du Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Du Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5698-7009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69808399,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1734","last_page":"1748"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.8191999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.607699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.5767999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5475000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5285999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-planning","display_name":"Motion planning","score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.39969998598098755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.8191999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6797000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.607699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.5767999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5475000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5285999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.49059998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Emergency management","level":2,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129230348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140205","display_name":"Disaster recovery","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741964","display_name":"Search and rescue","level":3,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796575","display_name":"Ant colony","level":3,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2025.3649278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2025.3649278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.667448103427887}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G566639446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24B20128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5803034008","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYGX2024J002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1933569933","https://openalex.org/W2085532788","https://openalex.org/W2112541882","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2401852376","https://openalex.org/W2553734032","https://openalex.org/W2571149404","https://openalex.org/W2587073725","https://openalex.org/W2773749461","https://openalex.org/W2962804513","https://openalex.org/W2970508714","https://openalex.org/W2973794469","https://openalex.org/W2983950989","https://openalex.org/W3010653657","https://openalex.org/W3015701470","https://openalex.org/W3049554119","https://openalex.org/W3091973753","https://openalex.org/W3094093649","https://openalex.org/W3105197170","https://openalex.org/W3172086257","https://openalex.org/W4210732939","https://openalex.org/W4213147678","https://openalex.org/W4366378708","https://openalex.org/W4386260201","https://openalex.org/W4391183355","https://openalex.org/W4401508806","https://openalex.org/W4406262774","https://openalex.org/W4407784084","https://openalex.org/W4409985278"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicles":[2],"(UAVs)":[3],"are":[4],"a":[5,55,101,131,150,159,202],"promising":[6],"solution":[7],"for":[8,92],"emergency":[9],"communications":[10],"due":[11,62],"to":[12,26,34,48,63,80,124,137,210,234],"their":[13,29],"rapid":[14],"deployment":[15],"and":[16,31,72,117,142,169,190,214],"capability":[17],"of":[18,69,84,153,181,217,230],"flexible":[19],"network":[20,59,171],"formation.":[21],"This":[22,77],"flexibility":[23],"enables":[24],"UAVs":[25,85,231],"dynamically":[27,191],"adjust":[28],"positions":[30],"link":[32,163],"configurations":[33],"form":[35],"stable":[36],"multi-hop":[37,90],"networks,":[38],"thereby":[39],"establishing":[40],"resilient":[41],"data":[42],"links":[43,195],"from":[44],"isolated":[45],"disaster":[46,145],"areas":[47,95,123],"remote":[49],"base":[50,126],"stations.":[51],"However,":[52],"sustaining":[53],"such":[54],"persistent":[56,168],"UAV":[57,102,140,197,212],"swarm":[58,103],"is":[60,174],"challenging":[61],"limited":[64],"onboard":[65],"energy,":[66],"the":[67,82,118,125,178,215,224,228],"scarcity":[68],"available":[70],"UAVs,":[71],"complex":[73],"coordination":[74],"in":[75],"emergencies.":[76],"paper":[78],"aims":[79],"minimize":[81],"number":[83,229],"required":[86],"while":[87],"ensuring":[88],"continuous":[89],"connectivity":[91],"all":[93],"target":[94,122],"under":[96],"energy":[97],"constraints.":[98],"We":[99,147],"propose":[100,130,158],"planning":[104,189,207],"strategy":[105,226],"based":[106],"on":[107],"non-fixed":[108],"relay":[109,182],"points":[110],"(USP-NFRP),":[111],"jointly":[112],"optimizing":[113],"UAV-to-target":[114],"associations,":[115],"trajectories,":[116],"backhaul":[119,162,194],"topology":[120],"connecting":[121],"station.":[127],"First,":[128],"we":[129,157,200],"periodic":[132],"rotation":[133],"path":[134,188,206],"(PRP)":[135],"method":[136,165],"efficiently":[138],"manage":[139],"replacements":[141],"assignments":[143],"at":[144],"sites.":[146],"also":[148],"provide":[149],"mathematical":[151],"proof":[152],"its":[154],"effectiveness.":[155],"Second,":[156],"dynamic":[160],"tree":[161],"(DTBL)":[164],"that":[166,223],"ensures":[167],"seamless":[170],"connectivity.":[172],"It":[173],"achieved":[175],"by":[176,232],"adjusting":[177],"positional":[179],"roles":[180],"nodes":[183],"(fixed":[184],"or":[185],"non-fixed)":[186],"during":[187,196],"configuring":[192],"tree-based":[193],"missions.":[198],"Finally,":[199],"develop":[201],"max-min":[203],"ant":[204],"system-based":[205],"algorithm":[208],"(MMAS-PP)":[209],"optimize":[211],"trajectories":[213],"sequence":[216],"task":[218],"executions.":[219],"Simulation":[220],"results":[221],"show":[222],"proposed":[225],"reduces":[227],"up":[233],"30.9%":[235],"compared":[236],"with":[237],"baselines.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-29T00:00:00"}