{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117467691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2025.3648868","title":"RIS-Assisted MIMO Wiretap Channel: Theoretical SDoF Bounds and Practical Optimization","display_name":"RIS-Assisted MIMO Wiretap Channel: Theoretical SDoF Bounds and Practical Optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117467691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2025.3648868"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2025.3648868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2025.3648868","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072842371","display_name":"Yinuo Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinuo Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0934-8066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026663721","display_name":"Liang Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6464-6263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6464-6263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121486906","display_name":"Honghao Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honghao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015745535","display_name":"Jiale Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-0659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiale Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-0659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052375159","display_name":"Xiaoming Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8011-7000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011804668","display_name":"L. Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizhe Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC54), Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC54), Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48778001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1720","last_page":"1733"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.6212999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","score":0.6018999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.570900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.49390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-transmission","display_name":"Secure transmission","score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.42969998717308044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.6212999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6018999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.570900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.49390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.42809998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2025.3648868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2025.3648868","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.788763165473938,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2016879157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. U22A2001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2715850826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2902202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7072684470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2022YFB2902202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7244974067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2022YFB2902201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8384045291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2902201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8853341699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000911299","https://openalex.org/W2044046421","https://openalex.org/W2108438541","https://openalex.org/W2128710362","https://openalex.org/W2133406100","https://openalex.org/W2149164057","https://openalex.org/W2170738062","https://openalex.org/W2205960012","https://openalex.org/W2288226817","https://openalex.org/W2295512501","https://openalex.org/W2803921113","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2901906205","https://openalex.org/W2955968870","https://openalex.org/W2991732183","https://openalex.org/W3009563387","https://openalex.org/W3034737405","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3115953371","https://openalex.org/W3134290885","https://openalex.org/W3197144189","https://openalex.org/W3200824530","https://openalex.org/W3205949397","https://openalex.org/W4206571275","https://openalex.org/W4206945665","https://openalex.org/W4214727170","https://openalex.org/W4226330086","https://openalex.org/W4285196564","https://openalex.org/W4294310998","https://openalex.org/W4312378814","https://openalex.org/W4378194953","https://openalex.org/W4384916802","https://openalex.org/W4387870342","https://openalex.org/W4388624531","https://openalex.org/W4399039738","https://openalex.org/W4399881844","https://openalex.org/W4401387410","https://openalex.org/W4401508769","https://openalex.org/W4402401867","https://openalex.org/W4409098804","https://openalex.org/W4410229220","https://openalex.org/W4411551088","https://openalex.org/W4411600207","https://openalex.org/W4413212630","https://openalex.org/W4414538869"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,26,33,53,62,76,83,94,109,118,124,127,137,145,152,163,171,196,202,212],"security":[4],"degrees":[5,55],"of":[6,9,56,65,86,101,111,129,136,162,170,188,204],"freedom":[7,57],"(SDoF)":[8],"a":[10,20,36,70,158],"reconfigurable":[11,44,147],"intelligent":[12],"surface":[13],"(RIS)-assisted":[14],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[15],"(MIMO)":[16],"wiretap":[17],"channel,":[18],"where":[19],"multi-antenna":[21,37],"eavesdropper":[22,140],"is":[23,30,48,132,179],"present":[24],"and":[25,96,108,176,200,208],"RIS":[27,112],"antenna":[28],"array":[29],"integrated":[31],"into":[32],"receiver":[34,78],"as":[35],"system.":[38],"A":[39,167],"RIS-based":[40],"MIMO":[41],"spatial-temporal":[42],"rapid":[43,97,146],"secure":[45],"transmission":[46],"strategy":[47,120],"proposed":[49,119],"to":[50,150,181],"fully":[51],"exploit":[52],"spatial":[54],"(DoF)":[58],"by":[59],"dynamically":[60],"adjusting":[61],"radiation":[63,102,148,177],"response":[64,103],"each":[66],"metasurface":[67,205],"element":[68,206],"within":[69],"single":[71],"symbol":[72,106],"period,":[73],"thereby":[74],"expanding":[75],"equivalent":[77],"subspace":[79],"dimension.":[80],"We":[81],"analyze":[82],"theoretical":[84,197],"SDoF":[85,95,125,154,198],"this":[87],"system,":[88],"deriving":[89],"an":[90],"explicit":[91],"relationship":[92],"between":[93],"reconfiguration":[98,209],"frequency":[99,210],"(number":[100],"adjustments":[104],"per":[105],"period)":[107],"number":[110,128],"antennas.":[113,141],"Our":[114],"analysis":[115],"reveals":[116],"that":[117,135],"can":[121],"significantly":[122],"improve":[123],"when":[126],"receive":[130],"antennas":[131],"fewer":[133],"than":[134],"transmit":[138,172],"or":[139],"Furthermore,":[142],"we":[143],"optimize":[144],"responses":[149,178],"maximize":[151,182],"effective":[153],"(ESDoF),":[155],"which":[156],"provides":[157],"more":[159],"precise":[160],"characterization":[161],"system\u2019s":[164],"secrecy":[165,183],"capacity.":[166],"joint":[168],"design":[169],"precoding":[173],"(TPC)":[174],"matrix":[175],"performed":[180],"capacity,":[184],"considering":[185],"varying":[186],"levels":[187],"eavesdropper\u2019s":[189],"channel":[190],"information":[191],"availability.":[192],"Simulation":[193],"results":[194],"validate":[195],"enhancement":[199],"demonstrate":[201],"impact":[203],"density":[207],"on":[211],"ESDoF.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-11T23:08:45.486102","created_date":"2025-12-29T00:00:00"}