{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408564201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2025.3552594","title":"Elastic Scaling of Resources for Energy-Efficient Container Cloud Using Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Elastic Scaling of Resources for Energy-Efficient Container Cloud Using Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408564201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2025.3552594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2025.3552594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2025.3552594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101216420","display_name":"Yanyu Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2514-7955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyu Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2514-7955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103228633","display_name":"Chonglin Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9656-6265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chonglin Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9656-6265","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100615518","display_name":"Xin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0995-1152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoyu Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0995-1152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0995-1152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047079659","display_name":"Zaixing Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1660-7790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaixing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1660-7790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006819425","display_name":"Hejiao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2030-957X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hejiao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2030-957X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8482252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"2249","last_page":"2263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.6302000284194946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.6302000284194946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.597599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/container","display_name":"Container (type theory)","score":0.867154598236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7963595986366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7683387398719788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5967278480529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5898861885070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.5827046036720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32899099588394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.250112920999527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.20648324489593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.12531593441963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09144848585128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07795804738998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.048371821641922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.867154598236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7963595986366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7683387398719788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5967278480529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5898861885070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.5827046036720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32899099588394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.250112920999527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.20648324489593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.12531593441963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09144848585128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07795804738998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.048371821641922}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2025.3552594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2025.3552594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1943385891","https://openalex.org/W1984121220","https://openalex.org/W2065800906","https://openalex.org/W2083163660","https://openalex.org/W2742681813","https://openalex.org/W2747213132","https://openalex.org/W2783399051","https://openalex.org/W2801996666","https://openalex.org/W2803018372","https://openalex.org/W2809135880","https://openalex.org/W2890276825","https://openalex.org/W2900535486","https://openalex.org/W2903153623","https://openalex.org/W2947327813","https://openalex.org/W2964094440","https://openalex.org/W2970125901","https://openalex.org/W2982560534","https://openalex.org/W3000872410","https://openalex.org/W3002068112","https://openalex.org/W3013868386","https://openalex.org/W3035337937","https://openalex.org/W3045904844","https://openalex.org/W3111448347","https://openalex.org/W3113924314","https://openalex.org/W3116951490","https://openalex.org/W3117731169","https://openalex.org/W3136117146","https://openalex.org/W3159136201","https://openalex.org/W3160439267","https://openalex.org/W3163677740","https://openalex.org/W3164028238","https://openalex.org/W3186752836","https://openalex.org/W3186847651","https://openalex.org/W3196963192","https://openalex.org/W3206229792","https://openalex.org/W3212156194","https://openalex.org/W3213068361","https://openalex.org/W3217513657","https://openalex.org/W4210848445","https://openalex.org/W4250075356","https://openalex.org/W4251091605","https://openalex.org/W4312918711","https://openalex.org/W4388878346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W2328553770","https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W2038908348","https://openalex.org/W2107890255","https://openalex.org/W2106552856","https://openalex.org/W2145821588","https://openalex.org/W2086122291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,25,46,91,171],"aim":[4],"to":[5,136,161,191],"save":[6,162],"the":[7,67,73,99,112,138,143,146,155,174,185,194],"total":[8,168],"energy":[9,169],"consumption":[10],"of":[11,16,33,86,89,101,115,188,193],"servers":[12],"through":[13],"elastic":[14],"scaling":[15,39],"CPU":[17,68,102],"resources":[18,88],"in":[19,108],"container":[20,36,44],"cloud.":[21],"To":[22,82,165],"be":[23,76,105,118,158],"practical,":[24],"propose":[26],"an":[27,48],"online":[28],"scheduling":[29],"method,":[30],"which":[31],"consists":[32],"three":[34],"parts:":[35],"placement,":[37,45],"vertical":[38,125],"and":[40,56,179],"migration.":[41],"1)":[42],"For":[43,124],"design":[47],"algorithm":[49,133],"based":[50],"on":[51,145],"dynamic":[52],"threshold,":[53],"resource":[54,95],"balancing":[55,96],"delayed":[57,119],"running.":[58],"When":[59],"there":[60],"are":[61],"PMs":[62,178],"(Physical":[63],"Machines)":[64],"turned":[65,159],"on,":[66],"threshold":[69],"increases":[70],"so":[71,141],"that":[72,142,192],"containers":[74,116,144,175],"can":[75,104,117,149,157],"placed":[77],"onto":[78],"fewest":[79],"possible":[80],"PMs.":[81,181],"make":[83],"full":[84],"use":[85],"multi-dimensional":[87],"PM,":[90],"put":[92],"forward":[93],"a":[94,127],"strategy.":[97],"Since":[98],"number":[100],"cores":[103],"scaled":[106],"dynamically":[107],"containers\u2019":[109],"run":[110],"time,":[111],"start":[113],"time":[114],"without":[120],"violating":[121],"deadlines.":[122],"2)":[123],"scaling,":[126],"collaborative":[128],"multi-agent":[129],"reinforcement":[130],"learning":[131],"(MARL)":[132],"is":[134],"proposed":[135],"adjust":[137],"container\u2019s":[139],"CPU,":[140],"same":[147],"PM":[148,156],"finish":[150],"simultaneously":[151],"if":[152],"possible.":[153],"Then,":[154],"off":[160],"energy.":[163],"3)":[164],"further":[166],"reduce":[167],"consumption,":[170],"consider":[172],"migrating":[173],"from":[176],"underloaded":[177],"overloaded":[180],"Experiment":[182],"results":[183],"show":[184],"superior":[186],"performance":[187],"our":[189],"method":[190],"state-of-the-art.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
