{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405179167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2024.3514578","title":"EMDTORA: Energy-Aware Multi-User Dependent Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in MEC Using Graph-Enabled DRL","display_name":"EMDTORA: Energy-Aware Multi-User Dependent Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in MEC Using Graph-Enabled DRL","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405179167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2024.3514578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2024.3514578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2024.3514578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/emdtora-energyaware-multiuser-dependent-task-offloading-and-resource-allocation-in-mec-using-graphenabled-drl(121b23f6-dd4d-492e-89e7-14b00ed6cb53).html","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024652500","display_name":"Sangrez Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-9656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126406","display_name":"Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y5rmj89","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangrez Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada","Department of Software and IT engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-9656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and IT engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032708439","display_name":"Marios Avgeris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4883-930X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marios Avgeris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multiscale Networked Systems (MNS) Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","Department of Software and IT engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4883-930X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multiscale Networked Systems (MNS) Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and IT engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035834220","display_name":"Julien Gascon\u2010Samson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-3790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126406","display_name":"Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y5rmj89","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Gascon-Samson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada","Department of Software and IT engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-3790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and IT engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003789929","display_name":"Aris Leivadeas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2996-6824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126406","display_name":"Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y5rmj89","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aris Leivadeas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada","Department of Software and IT engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2996-6824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and IT engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8523,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76193637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"1453","last_page":"1469"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7247591614723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4470071494579315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.43374791741371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4275617301464081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4133645296096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3291337192058563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32100772857666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.18873149156570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08651703596115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.04509648680686951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7247591614723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4470071494579315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.43374791741371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4275617301464081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4133645296096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3291337192058563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32100772857666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.18873149156570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08651703596115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.04509648680686951}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2024.3514578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2024.3514578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire/121b23f6-dd4d-492e-89e7-14b00ed6cb53","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/emdtora-energyaware-multiuser-dependent-task-offloading-and-resource-allocation-in-mec-using-graphenabled-drl(121b23f6-dd4d-492e-89e7-14b00ed6cb53).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Khan, S, Avgeris, M, Gascon-Samson, J & Leivadeas, A 2025, 'EMDTORA: Energy-Aware Multi-User Dependent Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in MEC Using Graph-Enabled DRL', IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1453-1469. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2024.3514578","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:30351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/30351/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article publi\u00e9 dans une revue, r\u00e9vis\u00e9 par les pairs"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire/121b23f6-dd4d-492e-89e7-14b00ed6cb53","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/emdtora-energyaware-multiuser-dependent-task-offloading-and-resource-allocation-in-mec-using-graphenabled-drl(121b23f6-dd4d-492e-89e7-14b00ed6cb53).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Khan, S, Avgeris, M, Gascon-Samson, J & Leivadeas, A 2025, 'EMDTORA: Energy-Aware Multi-User Dependent Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in MEC Using Graph-Enabled DRL', IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1453-1469. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2024.3514578","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2791353064","https://openalex.org/W2800305275","https://openalex.org/W2920054549","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2975241278","https://openalex.org/W2977266194","https://openalex.org/W2978637544","https://openalex.org/W2980281611","https://openalex.org/W3022500044","https://openalex.org/W3092644015","https://openalex.org/W3105504538","https://openalex.org/W3158749225","https://openalex.org/W3159145702","https://openalex.org/W3161037238","https://openalex.org/W3163488673","https://openalex.org/W3172247901","https://openalex.org/W3193630371","https://openalex.org/W3200600175","https://openalex.org/W3206626070","https://openalex.org/W3209713517","https://openalex.org/W3217119770","https://openalex.org/W4226087151","https://openalex.org/W4226137608","https://openalex.org/W4287734681","https://openalex.org/W4289824812","https://openalex.org/W4292773529","https://openalex.org/W4293197550","https://openalex.org/W4313534960","https://openalex.org/W4320022195","https://openalex.org/W4327641258","https://openalex.org/W4367721923","https://openalex.org/W4387251373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389443772","https://openalex.org/W2548721895","https://openalex.org/W2373456246","https://openalex.org/W2413419736","https://openalex.org/W4238809000","https://openalex.org/W2786646446","https://openalex.org/W2312871963","https://openalex.org/W2013265273","https://openalex.org/W3196817267","https://openalex.org/W1976600725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"dawn":[1],"of":[2,13,38,40,47,58,125,147,171],"the":[3,10,26,36,45,56,111,123,126,143,148,161,169,172,183],"5G/6G":[4],"networking":[5],"era":[6],"has":[7,43],"led":[8],"to":[9,29,109,159],"widespread":[11],"adoption":[12],"Multi-Access":[14],"Edge":[15],"Computing":[16],"(MEC),":[17],"a":[18,76,135],"paradigm":[19],"shift":[20],"that":[21,107,133],"brings":[22],"computational":[23,62],"resources":[24],"at":[25],"network\u2019s":[27],"edge":[28],"enhance":[30],"device":[31],"performance":[32],"and":[33,64,89,116,188],"longevity.":[34],"Additionally,":[35],"proliferation":[37],"Internet":[39],"Things":[41],"(IoT)":[42],"facilitated":[44],"development":[46],"complex":[48],"multi-user,":[49],"multi-edge":[50],"server":[51],"environments.":[52],"In":[53],"these":[54],"settings,":[55],"interdependence":[57],"application":[59],"tasks":[60],"makes":[61],"offloading":[63],"resource":[65],"allocation":[66],"decision-making":[67],"challenging,":[68],"but":[69],"crucial":[70],"for":[71,94],"optimizing":[72],"energy":[73,114,186],"efficiency.":[74],"As":[75],"response,":[77],"in":[78],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"we":[81,98,128,167],"propose":[82],"an":[83,100,130,151],"Energy-Aware":[84],"Multi-user":[85],"Dependent":[86],"Task":[87],"Offloading":[88],"Resource":[90],"Allocation":[91],"(EMDTORA)":[92],"scheme":[93],"IoT-MEC":[95],"infrastructures.":[96],"First,":[97],"formulate":[99],"offline,":[101],"task":[102],"offloading,":[103],"multi-objective":[104],"optimization":[105],"problem":[106],"aims":[108],"minimize":[110],"user":[112],"devices\u2019":[113],"consumption":[115,187],"experienced":[117],"delay":[118,189],"under":[119,191],"given":[120],"constraints.":[121],"Given":[122],"NP-hardness":[124],"problem,":[127],"devise":[129],"online":[131],"framework":[132],"combines":[134],"Graph":[136],"Attention":[137],"Networks":[138],"(GAT)-based":[139],"mechanism,":[140],"which":[141],"captures":[142],"in-depth":[144],"dependency":[145],"structure":[146],"applications,":[149],"with":[150],"actor-critic":[152],"off-policy":[153],"Deep":[154],"Reinforcement":[155],"Learning":[156],"(DRL)":[157],"algorithm":[158],"approximate":[160],"optimal":[162],"solution.":[163],"Through":[164],"extensive":[165],"simulation":[166],"highlight":[168],"potency":[170],"proposed":[173],"scheme,":[174],"as":[175],"EMDTORA":[176],"outperforms":[177],"various":[178],"baselines":[179],"by":[180],"successfully":[181],"balancing":[182],"trade-off":[184],"between":[185],"minimization,":[190],"dynamic":[192],"network":[193],"conditions.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}