{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404317193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2024.3497327","title":"Intermittent Artificial Noise Assisted Covert Cooperative Backscatter Communication With Residual Hardware Impairments","display_name":"Intermittent Artificial Noise Assisted Covert Cooperative Backscatter Communication With Residual Hardware Impairments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404317193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2024.3497327"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2024.3497327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2024.3497327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhangrui Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1376-9989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangrui Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1376-9989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100309061","display_name":"Huan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9016-408X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133090473","display_name":"Weinan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00n2kc060","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133090473"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weinan Branch of China Telecom, Weinan, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9016-408X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weinan Branch of China Telecom, Weinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133090473"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084784516","display_name":"Yinghui Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-3592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghui Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-3592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010362029","display_name":"Guangyue Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-9207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyue Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-9207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1731,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50366483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"817","last_page":"828"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.8170592784881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.7082500457763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.6974710822105408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.535058319568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5201890468597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.286277174949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2639855742454529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.8170592784881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.7082500457763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.6974710822105408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.535058319568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5201890468597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.286277174949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2639855742454529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2024.3497327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2024.3497327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2030714804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23JRRA849","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322880","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4127674177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8282651174","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201451","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322880","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2142238976","https://openalex.org/W2562742260","https://openalex.org/W2756790867","https://openalex.org/W2896420513","https://openalex.org/W2961910708","https://openalex.org/W2963381616","https://openalex.org/W2975892129","https://openalex.org/W2981443503","https://openalex.org/W3008277130","https://openalex.org/W3014490719","https://openalex.org/W3025456008","https://openalex.org/W3035267493","https://openalex.org/W3134569544","https://openalex.org/W4200496902","https://openalex.org/W4206654732","https://openalex.org/W4225418901","https://openalex.org/W4285070849","https://openalex.org/W4292793892","https://openalex.org/W4292968432","https://openalex.org/W4296437284","https://openalex.org/W4382568105","https://openalex.org/W4387681970","https://openalex.org/W4391952720","https://openalex.org/W4392152348","https://openalex.org/W4400878491","https://openalex.org/W4401326387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2523525694","https://openalex.org/W2998642566","https://openalex.org/W2392682561","https://openalex.org/W57793151","https://openalex.org/W2804882289","https://openalex.org/W2727423897","https://openalex.org/W2497612952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"works":[1],"on":[2,146],"artificial":[3],"noise":[4],"(AN)":[5],"assisted":[6,44,61],"covert":[7,45,62],"backscatter":[8,64],"communication":[9,65],"(BC)":[10],"assumed":[11],"a":[12,96,106,113,134,176,192],"jammer":[13],"continuously":[14],"transmitting":[15],"AN,":[16],"leading":[17],"to":[18,115,127,151],"the":[19,22,25,29,49,81,90,118,123,129,157,163,166,172,181,185,197,202,208],"reduction":[20],"of":[21,24,86,109,159,165],"reliability":[23,179],"legitimate":[26],"link.":[27],"Additionally,":[28],"unavoidable":[30],"residual":[31],"hardware":[32],"impairments":[33],"(RHIs)":[34],"in":[35,53,205],"transceivers":[36],"have":[37],"been":[38],"largely":[39],"ignored":[40],"particularly":[41],"for":[42,80,188],"AN":[43,60,119,174],"BC.":[46],"Motivated":[47],"by":[48],"above":[50],"two":[51],"observations,":[52],"this":[54],"paper,":[55],"we":[56,76,111],"investigate":[57],"an":[58,87,142],"intermittent":[59,173],"cooperative":[63],"(CoBC)":[66],"system":[67,91,137,178,186],"under":[68,95,207],"RHIs.":[69],"To":[70,104],"assess":[71],"its":[72],"covertness":[73,108,189,206],"and":[74,89,122,140,162,169,195],"reliability,":[75],"derive":[77],"approximate":[78],"expressions":[79],"detection":[82,125],"error":[83],"probability":[84,93],"(DEP)":[85],"eavesdropper":[88],"outage":[92,138],"(SOP)":[94],"high":[97],"transmit":[98],"signal-to-noise":[99],"ratio":[100],"(SNR)":[101],"region,":[102],"respectively.":[103],"obtain":[105],"satisfactory":[107],"system,":[110],"devise":[112],"problem":[114],"jointly":[116],"optimize":[117],"transmission":[120],"power":[121],"eavesdropping":[124],"threshold":[126],"maximize":[128],"minimum":[130],"DEP":[131],"while":[132],"meeting":[133],"maximum":[135],"tolerance":[136],"probability,":[139],"propose":[141],"iterative":[143,199],"algorithm":[144,200],"based":[145],"block":[147],"coordinated":[148],"descent":[149],"(BCD)":[150],"solve":[152],"it.":[153],"Numerical":[154],"simulations":[155],"confirm":[156],"accuracy":[158],"derived":[160],"results":[161],"valid":[164],"proposed":[167,198],"algorithm,":[168],"reveal":[170],"that":[171,196],"achieves":[175],"better":[177],"than":[180],"continuous":[182],"one":[183],"when":[184],"requirement":[187],"is":[190],"below":[191],"certain":[193],"value,":[194],"outperforms":[201],"benchmark":[203],"scheme":[204],"same":[209],"SOP":[210],"constraint.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}