{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391807483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2024.3362790","title":"Imperceptible Visible Light Communications Based on Modified Just Imperceptible Difference and Aided by Deep Neural Network","display_name":"Imperceptible Visible Light Communications Based on Modified Just Imperceptible Difference and Aided by Deep Neural Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391807483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2024.3362790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2024.3362790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2024.3362790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057748258","display_name":"Hanyang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8274-8367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanyang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8274-8367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027301751","display_name":"Xuefen Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8325-0309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuefen Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8325-0309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023733212","display_name":"Yan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1494-9917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022581605","display_name":"Linlin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-1749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131342","display_name":"Yibin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w8m2977","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","Yibin Institute of Jilin University, Yibin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-1749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yibin Institute of Jilin University, Yibin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044969631","display_name":"Feng Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029002143","display_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00934879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"1273","last_page":"1288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46831661462783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-spectrum","display_name":"Visible spectrum","score":0.4644396901130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40442657470703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39323166012763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16642653942108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15779462456703186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46831661462783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104663316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76299","display_name":"Visible spectrum","level":2,"score":0.4644396901130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40442657470703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39323166012763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16642653942108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15779462456703186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2024.3362790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2024.3362790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3996388687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022NSFSC0897","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4475204233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5090028258","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210201016GX","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335953","funder_display_name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5236347810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20230101063JC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335953","funder_display_name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5468035466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8579664549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335953","display_name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W589664387","https://openalex.org/W1568964267","https://openalex.org/W2066523997","https://openalex.org/W2095769364","https://openalex.org/W2106107960","https://openalex.org/W2114080080","https://openalex.org/W2117911967","https://openalex.org/W2129276483","https://openalex.org/W2136133623","https://openalex.org/W2140190241","https://openalex.org/W2144644352","https://openalex.org/W2163068306","https://openalex.org/W2295892119","https://openalex.org/W2317284488","https://openalex.org/W2415025707","https://openalex.org/W2503864728","https://openalex.org/W2561453212","https://openalex.org/W2572956471","https://openalex.org/W2782761915","https://openalex.org/W2790987901","https://openalex.org/W2883966292","https://openalex.org/W2889673960","https://openalex.org/W2893078023","https://openalex.org/W2919338298","https://openalex.org/W2963147737","https://openalex.org/W2963190722","https://openalex.org/W2963539768","https://openalex.org/W2974230259","https://openalex.org/W2983434399","https://openalex.org/W2995551325","https://openalex.org/W2998598342","https://openalex.org/W3005196993","https://openalex.org/W3006643426","https://openalex.org/W3019771188","https://openalex.org/W3023076522","https://openalex.org/W3045595188","https://openalex.org/W3088089547","https://openalex.org/W3099227673","https://openalex.org/W3099781308","https://openalex.org/W3105025858","https://openalex.org/W3112093607","https://openalex.org/W3154770276","https://openalex.org/W3167058342","https://openalex.org/W3197175515","https://openalex.org/W3197782721","https://openalex.org/W3206760800","https://openalex.org/W3209019631","https://openalex.org/W3214512435","https://openalex.org/W4210825863","https://openalex.org/W4247687131","https://openalex.org/W4254178382","https://openalex.org/W4285179905","https://openalex.org/W4288059595","https://openalex.org/W4320029378","https://openalex.org/W4385800794"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"visible":[1],"light":[2,67,89,123],"communications":[3],"(VLCs)":[4],"are":[5,116,148,184],"not":[6,34],"supported":[7],"in":[8,92,118,142,150],"lighting":[9],"restricted":[10],"scenarios":[11],"such":[12,29],"as":[13,30],"theater,":[14],"cinema,":[15],"dim":[16],"sickroom":[17],"or":[18],"bedroom.":[19],"Thus,":[20],"different":[21,84],"from":[22],"radio":[23],"frequency":[24],"(RF)":[25],"based":[26,163,193],"communication":[27,87,146],"technologies,":[28],"WiFi,":[31],"VLC":[32,40,43],"is":[33],"\u201calways":[35,38],"on\u201d.":[36],"The":[37,58,95],"on\u201d":[39],"named":[41],"imperceptible":[42,98],"(iVLC)":[44],"has":[45,101],"been":[46,102],"proposed,":[47],"where":[48,145],"human":[49],"cannot":[50],"perceive":[51],"glaring":[52],"nor":[53],"flicker":[54,59],"during":[55],"the":[56,66,83,106,109,128,155,173,191],"communications.":[57],"problem":[60],"can":[61],"be":[62],"solved":[63],"by":[64,81,186],"increasing":[65],"pulse":[68,165],"frequency.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"we":[73,153],"propose":[74,154],"a":[75],"two-dimensional":[76],"characteristic":[77],"channel":[78,134],"analysis":[79],"structure":[80],"considering":[82],"features":[85],"of":[86,112,130,181],"and":[88,121,136,158,178,196],"perception":[90,124],"channels":[91],"iVLC":[93,143,182],"system.":[94],"modified":[96,107],"just":[97],"difference":[99],"(JID)":[100],"derived.":[103],"Based":[104],"on":[105],"JID,":[108],"upper":[110],"bounds":[111],"average":[113],"optical":[114],"power":[115],"derived":[117],"both":[119],"direct":[120],"reflected":[122],"scenarios.":[125],"To":[126],"reduce":[127],"impacts":[129],"indoor":[131],"multiple":[132],"reflection":[133],"interference":[135],"light-emitting":[137],"diodes":[138],"(LEDs)":[139],"transient":[140],"behaviour":[141],"system":[144,183],"signals":[147],"modulated":[149],"ultra-short":[151],"pulses,":[152],"multi-quadric":[156],"kernel":[157],"deep":[159],"neural":[160],"network":[161],"(DNN)":[162],"hard-max":[164],"position":[166],"classifier":[167],"(MQK-DNN-HPPC).":[168],"Numerical":[169],"results":[170],"show":[171],"that":[172],"bit":[174],"error":[175],"rate":[176],"(BER)":[177],"synchronization":[179],"performances":[180],"improved":[185],"applying":[187],"MQK-DNN-HPPC":[188],"compared":[189],"with":[190],"soft-max":[192],"DNN":[194],"algorithm":[195],"traditional":[197],"detection":[198],"algorithm.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
