{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390120165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3346367","title":"Energy Efficiency Maximization for Intelligent Surfaces-Aided Massive MIMO With Zero Forcing","display_name":"Energy Efficiency Maximization for Intelligent Surfaces-Aided Massive MIMO With Zero Forcing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390120165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3346367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2023.3346367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3346367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.13563","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086383159","display_name":"Wilson de Souza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1567-2358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127110123","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Londrina","ror":"https://ror.org/01585b035","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127110123"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilson de Souza Junior","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil","Department of Electrical Engineering (DEEL), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1567-2358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127110123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering (DEEL), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127110123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026516878","display_name":"Taufik Abr\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-2805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127110123","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Londrina","ror":"https://ror.org/01585b035","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127110123"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taufik Abr\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil","Department of Electrical Engineering (DEEL), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-2805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127110123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering (DEEL), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127110123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127110123"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9291,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75057596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"802","last_page":"814"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.6402207612991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6131111979484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.6023099422454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.5641704797744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5318902134895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4961143434047699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.4664765000343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.42586496472358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4217897653579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.41693758964538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.39062726497650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.34325939416885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.28166407346725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2605277895927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.1309581696987152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13072076439857483}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.6402207612991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6131111979484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.6023099422454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.5641704797744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5318902134895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4961143434047699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4664765000343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.42586496472358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4217897653579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.41693758964538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.39062726497650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.34325939416885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.28166407346725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2605277895927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.1309581696987152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13072076439857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2023.3346367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3346367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2312.13563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.13563","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.13563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2312.13563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.13563","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.13563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1059348180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"310681/2019-7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1869665764","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FC001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G251482682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"405301/2021-9","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325641","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Londrina","ror":"https://ror.org/01585b035"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390120165.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390120165.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518945650","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2147056723","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2788428941","https://openalex.org/W2891613953","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3029548106","https://openalex.org/W3084194173","https://openalex.org/W3096513223","https://openalex.org/W3100368766","https://openalex.org/W3100536113","https://openalex.org/W3117633996","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3135463241","https://openalex.org/W3144404977","https://openalex.org/W3185482389","https://openalex.org/W3203300676","https://openalex.org/W3203573643","https://openalex.org/W3206094445","https://openalex.org/W3214203877","https://openalex.org/W4205426731","https://openalex.org/W4214971393","https://openalex.org/W4221161002","https://openalex.org/W4226165103","https://openalex.org/W4248563531","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4285025375","https://openalex.org/W4286693102","https://openalex.org/W4288083625","https://openalex.org/W4301934607","https://openalex.org/W4312236419","https://openalex.org/W4312577754","https://openalex.org/W4312984309","https://openalex.org/W4360996751","https://openalex.org/W4378364834","https://openalex.org/W4382371835","https://openalex.org/W4387883690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W2116541631","https://openalex.org/W2514205366","https://openalex.org/W3173074004","https://openalex.org/W2130460934","https://openalex.org/W2172055400","https://openalex.org/W1976249538","https://openalex.org/W3102122595","https://openalex.org/W1976511355","https://openalex.org/W3052336460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,80],"work,":[2],"we":[3,68,98,143],"address":[4],"the":[5,36,54,70,84,101,118,135,145,150,155,161,175,178,198,207,210,236,246,265,271],"energy":[6],"efficiency":[7],"(EE)":[8],"maximization":[9],"problem":[10,121,126],"in":[11,21,58,279],"a":[12,22,44,90,125],"downlink":[13],"communication":[14,281],"system":[15],"utilizing":[16],"reconfigurable":[17],"intelligent":[18],"surface":[19],"(RIS)":[20],"multi-user":[23],"massive":[24],"multiple-input":[25],"multiple-output":[26],"(mMIMO)":[27],"setup":[28,282],"with":[29,47,283],"zero-forcing":[30],"(ZF)":[31],"precoding.":[32],"The":[33],"channel":[34,60,72,94,216],"between":[35],"base":[37,272],"station":[38],"(BS)":[39],"and":[40,66,129,160,168,186,222,274],"RIS":[41,55,85,162,277],"operates":[42],"under":[43],"Rician":[45,48],"fading":[46],"factor":[49],"K1.":[50],"Since":[51],"systematically":[52],"optimizing":[53],"phase":[56,86,163],"shifts":[57,87,164],"each":[59,196],"coherence":[61,95],"time":[62,96],"interval":[63],"is":[64,122,127],"challenging":[65,130],"burdensome,":[67],"employ":[69],"statistical":[71,285],"state":[73],"information":[74],"(CSI)-based":[75],"optimization":[76,120,147,200,241],"strategy":[77],"to":[78,131,134,259],"alleviate":[79],"overhead.":[81],"By":[82],"treating":[83],"matrix":[88],"as":[89],"constant":[91],"over":[92],"multiple":[93],"intervals,":[97],"can":[99],"reduce":[100,261],"computational":[102],"complexity":[103],"while":[104],"maintaining":[105],"an":[106,111,141,232],"interesting":[107],"performance.":[108],"Based":[109],"on":[110],"ergodic":[112],"rate":[113],"(ER)":[114],"lower":[115],"bound":[116],"closed-form,":[117],"EE":[119,240,253],"formulated.":[123],"Such":[124],"non-convex":[128],"tackle":[132],"due":[133],"coupled":[136],"variables.":[137],"To":[138],"circumvent":[139],"such":[140],"obstacle,":[142],"explore":[144],"sequential":[146],"approach":[148],"where":[149],"power":[151,262],"allocation":[152],"vector":[153],"p,":[154],"number":[156,266],"of":[157,177,197,209,235,245,267],"antennas":[158,269],"M,":[159],"v":[165],"are":[166,202],"separated":[167],"sequentially":[169],"solved":[170],"iteratively":[171],"until":[172],"convergence.":[173],"With":[174],"help":[176],"Lagrangian":[179],"dual":[180],"method,":[181,242],"fractional":[182],"programming":[183],"(FP)":[184],"techniques,":[185],"supported":[187],"by":[188],"Lemma":[189],"1,":[190],"insightful":[191],"compact":[192],"closed-form":[193],"expressions":[194],"for":[195],"three":[199],"variables":[201],"derived.":[203],"Simulation":[204],"results":[205,230],"validate":[206],"effectiveness":[208],"proposed":[211,237],"method":[212],"across":[213],"different":[214],"generalized":[215],"scenarios,":[217],"including":[218],"non-line-of-sight":[219],"(NLoS)":[220],"(K1\u22600)":[221],"partially":[223],"line-of-sight":[224],"(LoS)":[225],"(K10)":[226],"conditions.":[227],"Our":[228],"numerical":[229],"demonstrate":[231],"impressive":[233],"performance":[234,247],"Statistical":[238],"CSI-based":[239,252],"achieving":[243],"\u224892%":[244],"attained":[248],"through":[249],"perfect":[250],"instantaneous":[251],"optimization.":[254],"This":[255],"underscores":[256],"its":[257],"potential":[258],"significantly":[260],"consumption,":[263],"decrease":[264],"active":[268],"at":[270],"station,":[273],"effectively":[275],"incorporate":[276],"structure":[278],"mMIMO":[280],"just":[284],"CSI":[286],"knowledge.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2023-12-23T00:00:00"}