{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382119848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3289669","title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Spatial Media-Based Modulation","display_name":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Spatial Media-Based Modulation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382119848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3289669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2023.3289669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3289669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054319141","display_name":"Burak Ahmet \u00d6zden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8468-9268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57913696","display_name":"Istanbul Medeniyet University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j1qpr59","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57913696"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burak Ahmet Ozden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Medeniye University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8468-9268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Medeniye University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57913696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081285483","display_name":"Erdo\u011fan Ayd\u0131n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5198-0980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57913696","display_name":"Istanbul Medeniyet University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j1qpr59","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57913696"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erdogan Aydin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Medeniye University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5198-0980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Medeniye University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57913696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036644459","display_name":"Fatih \u00c7\u00f6gen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1163-5920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101260","display_name":"T\u00fcrkisch-Deutsche Universit\u00e4t","ror":"https://ror.org/017bbc354","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101260"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatih Cogen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Turkish-German University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Turkish-German University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101260"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85169437,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"1971","last_page":"1980"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9656000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9584000110626221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.7205451726913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6958568096160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5526837706565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5380486845970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4776098430156708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44462648034095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-notation","display_name":"Mathematical notation","score":0.4175500273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.41411587595939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.41350215673446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39399853348731995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.3704891800880432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33758774399757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23448729515075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17174014449119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1515873372554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14068752527236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.11453649401664734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.7205451726913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6958568096160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5526837706565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5380486845970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4776098430156708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44462648034095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24457124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140046","display_name":"Mathematical notation","level":3,"score":0.4175500273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.41411587595939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.41350215673446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39399853348731995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3704891800880432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33758774399757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23448729515075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17174014449119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1515873372554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14068752527236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.11453649401664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2023.3289669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3289669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2010340876","https://openalex.org/W2034084319","https://openalex.org/W2256638885","https://openalex.org/W2283892817","https://openalex.org/W2344487751","https://openalex.org/W2526778046","https://openalex.org/W2592901813","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2746113279","https://openalex.org/W2770521528","https://openalex.org/W2804125062","https://openalex.org/W2883182640","https://openalex.org/W2945725459","https://openalex.org/W2960627552","https://openalex.org/W2963666666","https://openalex.org/W2963973401","https://openalex.org/W2966954499","https://openalex.org/W2970670564","https://openalex.org/W3005347223","https://openalex.org/W3034780117","https://openalex.org/W3081637465","https://openalex.org/W3128989528","https://openalex.org/W3137964097","https://openalex.org/W3143117471","https://openalex.org/W3147714662","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3179348566","https://openalex.org/W3197291480","https://openalex.org/W3199724400","https://openalex.org/W3200509761","https://openalex.org/W3202473251","https://openalex.org/W4205656265","https://openalex.org/W4256217385","https://openalex.org/W4292982691","https://openalex.org/W4312672904","https://openalex.org/W4312980827","https://openalex.org/W4313484953","https://openalex.org/W4377286998","https://openalex.org/W6790703754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968256718","https://openalex.org/W2393607213","https://openalex.org/W2495832077","https://openalex.org/W2278797713","https://openalex.org/W98357545","https://openalex.org/W977407476","https://openalex.org/W4249487612","https://openalex.org/W2624682093","https://openalex.org/W4280602899","https://openalex.org/W4239038871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,150,167],"demands":[1],"for":[2,65,161,183,201],"high":[3,7,10,50],"data":[4,36,87,113],"rate,":[5],"reliability,":[6],"energy":[8,51,199,235],"efficiency,":[9,12],"spectral":[11,53,132,233],"and":[13,38,52,155,198,205,209,234],"low":[14],"latency":[15],"communication":[16,24],"have":[17,41],"been":[18,218],"increasing":[19],"rapidly.":[20],"For":[21],"this":[22,46],"reason,":[23],"models":[25],"that":[26,220],"use":[27],"limited":[28],"resources":[29],"in":[30,75,92,118,142],"the":[31,72,93,100,119,122,131,137,143,156,162,176,179,184,190,202,207,221,241,249,252],"best":[32],"way,":[33],"allow":[34],"fast":[35],"transmission,":[37],"increase":[39],"performance":[40,173,227,250],"become":[42],"very":[43],"important.":[44],"In":[45,69],"work,":[47],"a":[48],"novel":[49],"efficient":[54],"reconfigurable":[55],"intelligent":[56],"surface-aided":[57],"spatial":[58,109],"media-based":[59,83],"modulation":[60,79,84,110,129],"system":[61,164,223,255],"(RIS-SMBM)":[62],"is":[63,147,256],"proposed":[64,185,222,253],"Rayleigh":[66],"fading":[67],"channels.":[68],"addition":[70],"to":[71,89,99,115],"bits":[73,88,114],"carried":[74,91,117],"the${M}$-ary":[76],"quadrature":[77],"amplitude":[78],"(${M}$-QAM)":[80],"symbol":[81],"while":[82,174],"(MBM)":[85],"provides":[86,112,224],"be":[90,116],"indices":[94,120],"of":[95,121,139,178,243,251],"different":[96],"channels":[97],"according":[98],"radio":[101],"frequency":[102],"(RF)":[103],"mirrors":[104],"are":[105,165],"on":[106,248],"or":[107],"off,":[108],"(SM)":[111],"transmit":[123],"antennas.":[124],"By":[125],"combining":[126],"these":[127],"two":[128],"schemes,":[130],"efficiency":[133,200,236],"increases":[134],"considerably":[135],"since":[136],"amount":[138],"information":[140,247],"transmitted":[141],"same":[144],"time":[145],"interval":[146],"substantially":[148],"increased.":[149],"optimal":[151,180],"maximum-likelihood":[152],"(ML)":[153],"detector":[154,160,169,182],"enhanced":[157],"low-complexity":[158],"(ELC)":[159],"RIS-SMBM":[163,186,203,254],"proposed.":[166],"ELC":[168],"achieves":[170],"near":[171],"ML":[172,181],"reducing":[175],"complexity":[177],"system.":[187],"We":[188],"analyze":[189],"average":[191],"bit":[192],"error":[193,226],"rate":[194],"(ABER),":[195],"throughput,":[196],"complexity,":[197],"scheme":[204],"verify":[206],"analytical":[208],"theoretical":[210],"results":[211],"with":[212],"Monte":[213],"Carlo":[214],"simulations.":[215],"It":[216],"has":[217],"observed":[219],"better":[225],"as":[228,230],"well":[229],"providing":[231],"higher":[232],"than":[237],"benchmark":[238],"systems.":[239],"Also,":[240],"effect":[242],"imperfect":[244],"channel":[245],"state":[246],"investigated.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}