{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317761514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3236029","title":"Net-Zero Energy Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Systems","display_name":"Net-Zero Energy Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317761514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3236029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2023.3236029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3236029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10164575/1/Net-Zero_Energy_Dual-Functional_Radar-Communication_Systems.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024706112","display_name":"Iman Valiulahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8932-5172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman Valiulahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8932-5172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030334551","display_name":"Christos Masouros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8259-6615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Masouros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8259-6615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086266963","display_name":"Abdelhamid Salem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7395-900X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelhamid Salem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7395-900X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6251,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96154883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"356","last_page":"369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6980408430099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6597229242324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5982718467712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5701518058776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5574209094047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.465657502412796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.43358373641967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.41479745507240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2879942059516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2742787003517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17981871962547302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.1252802014350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11781081557273865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6980408430099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6597229242324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5982718467712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5701518058776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5574209094047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.465657502412796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.43358373641967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.41479745507240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2879942059516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2742787003517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17981871962547302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.1252802014350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11781081557273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2023.3236029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3236029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10164575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10164575/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10164575/1/Net-Zero_Energy_Dual-Functional_Radar-Communication_Systems.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking (2023)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10164575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10164575/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10164575/1/Net-Zero_Energy_Dual-Functional_Radar-Communication_Systems.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking (2023)","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1158539859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M014126/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4327584750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V007734/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4585092078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M014150/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5771807333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W026252/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7094448879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S028455/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7461758821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R007934/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317761514.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317761514.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W2031440489","https://openalex.org/W2032896960","https://openalex.org/W2035229442","https://openalex.org/W2059210598","https://openalex.org/W2079800918","https://openalex.org/W2085648864","https://openalex.org/W2093320645","https://openalex.org/W2094558966","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2114694381","https://openalex.org/W2118550318","https://openalex.org/W2120867684","https://openalex.org/W2125930644","https://openalex.org/W2129961759","https://openalex.org/W2137632745","https://openalex.org/W2156576615","https://openalex.org/W2159081591","https://openalex.org/W2162941916","https://openalex.org/W2168521983","https://openalex.org/W2206128797","https://openalex.org/W2299553154","https://openalex.org/W2558218308","https://openalex.org/W2559328514","https://openalex.org/W2590141315","https://openalex.org/W2769776241","https://openalex.org/W2800076918","https://openalex.org/W2884140695","https://openalex.org/W2886654632","https://openalex.org/W2897115156","https://openalex.org/W2903805593","https://openalex.org/W2963992461","https://openalex.org/W2972894689","https://openalex.org/W2988362367","https://openalex.org/W3038047043","https://openalex.org/W3045592419","https://openalex.org/W3093852227","https://openalex.org/W3188579248","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W4205204500","https://openalex.org/W4206447787","https://openalex.org/W4226403506","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4285060366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020683255","https://openalex.org/W2353012478","https://openalex.org/W4206626176","https://openalex.org/W1980296689","https://openalex.org/W4303942848","https://openalex.org/W4225013399","https://openalex.org/W2994555657","https://openalex.org/W4286569445","https://openalex.org/W2614741889","https://openalex.org/W2070345924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"beamforming":[3,98],"designs":[4,184],"for":[5,100,162],"net-zero":[6],"energy":[7,19,59,111],"multi-input":[8],"multi-output":[9],"(MIMO)":[10],"dual-functional":[11],"radar-communication":[12],"(DFRC)":[13],"systems":[14],"that":[15,123,142,180],"are":[16,115,171,185],"powered":[17],"through":[18],"harvesting":[20],"(EH)":[21],"resources":[22],"and":[23,47,79,110,169,187,195],"aim":[24],"to":[25,30,40,58,72,84,95,173],"operate":[26],"autonomously":[27],"without":[28],"access":[29],"the":[31,43,97,101,118,124,131,149,153,163,181,193],"power":[32],"grid.":[33],"We":[34,74,89,156],"propose":[35,91,158],"a":[36,159,189],"weighted":[37],"optimization":[38,126,138,161],"problem":[39,64],"jointly":[41],"maximize":[42],"radar":[44,194],"mutual":[45],"information":[46,108,113],"minimum":[48],"quality":[49],"of":[50,152],"service":[51],"(QoS)":[52],"requested":[53],"by":[54,135],"communication":[55,196],"users":[56],"subject":[57],"balancing":[60],"constraints.":[61],"The":[62],"proposed":[63,125,154,182],"is":[65,70],"not":[66],"convex,":[67],"hence":[68],"it":[69],"tough":[71],"solve.":[73],"exploit":[75],"semidefinite":[76],"relaxation":[77],"(SDR)":[78],"first-order":[80],"Taylor":[81],"expansion":[82],"techniques":[83],"relax":[85],"its":[86],"non-convexity":[87],"issues.":[88],"then":[90,157],"an":[92],"iterative":[93],"algorithm":[94],"obtain":[96,188],"matrices":[99,144],"reference":[102],"scenario":[103],"when":[104],"full":[105],"channel":[106],"state":[107],"(CSI)":[109],"arrival":[112],"(EAI)":[114],"available.":[116],"For":[117,130],"single-target":[119],"scenario,":[120,134],"we":[121,140],"show":[122,141,179],"contains":[127],"rank-one":[128,143],"solutions.":[129],"multiple":[132],"targets":[133],"adding":[136],"auxiliary":[137],"variables,":[139],"can":[145],"be":[146,174],"achieved":[147],"from":[148],"optimal":[150],"solutions":[151],"optimization.":[155],"robust":[160],"case":[164],"where":[165],"only":[166],"imperfect":[167],"CSI":[168],"EAI":[170],"assumed":[172],"known.":[175],"Finally,":[176],"numerical":[177],"simulations":[178],"DFRC":[183],"convergent":[186],"graceful":[190],"trade-off":[191],"between":[192],"performances.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}