{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312875592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3219111","title":"Ensemble Learning Aided QPSO-Based Framework for Secrecy Energy Efficiency in FD CR-NOMA Systems","display_name":"Ensemble Learning Aided QPSO-Based Framework for Secrecy Energy Efficiency in FD CR-NOMA Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312875592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3219111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2022.3219111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3219111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022030776","display_name":"Carla E. Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4692-253X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carla E. Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4692-253X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036624462","display_name":"Mario R. Camana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-872X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario R. Camana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-872X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082206251","display_name":"Insoo Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insoo Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-8782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84753242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"649","last_page":"667"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7534363269805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underlay","display_name":"Underlay","score":0.6389576196670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.5853236317634583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.5729416608810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5350241661071777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.49525776505470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4738110601902008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4726739823818207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.45910385251045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.42551130056381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.41272270679473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3709210157394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36680856347084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3386719822883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.2348356544971466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2065085768699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1818467378616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.1800786554813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14300620555877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12500891089439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10484480857849121}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7534363269805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777679929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883709","display_name":"Underlay","level":3,"score":0.6389576196670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5853236317634583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.5729416608810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5350241661071777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.49525776505470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4738110601902008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4726739823818207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.45910385251045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.42551130056381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.41272270679473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3709210157394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36680856347084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3386719822883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2348356544971466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2065085768699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1818467378616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.1800786554813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14300620555877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12500891089439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10484480857849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2022.3219111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3219111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5347132709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RIS-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8910741575","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A2B5B01001721","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534477342","https://openalex.org/W1968969471","https://openalex.org/W2058705882","https://openalex.org/W2072929410","https://openalex.org/W2074418717","https://openalex.org/W2106194367","https://openalex.org/W2120654355","https://openalex.org/W2127980469","https://openalex.org/W2234042687","https://openalex.org/W2509360678","https://openalex.org/W2516395429","https://openalex.org/W2530027684","https://openalex.org/W2542194228","https://openalex.org/W2624590726","https://openalex.org/W2738776425","https://openalex.org/W2776370065","https://openalex.org/W2787255587","https://openalex.org/W2809581102","https://openalex.org/W2888797613","https://openalex.org/W2902345233","https://openalex.org/W2915021520","https://openalex.org/W2954623871","https://openalex.org/W2963552185","https://openalex.org/W2964324486","https://openalex.org/W2990726790","https://openalex.org/W2990945183","https://openalex.org/W2999561085","https://openalex.org/W3001336289","https://openalex.org/W3002559870","https://openalex.org/W3005150685","https://openalex.org/W3027955654","https://openalex.org/W3029172312","https://openalex.org/W3029865826","https://openalex.org/W3035160052","https://openalex.org/W3093486550","https://openalex.org/W3098001053","https://openalex.org/W3098923418","https://openalex.org/W3101119440","https://openalex.org/W3104845729","https://openalex.org/W3115256898","https://openalex.org/W3124503237","https://openalex.org/W3132544971","https://openalex.org/W3135716764","https://openalex.org/W3161769122","https://openalex.org/W3173762253","https://openalex.org/W3185937649","https://openalex.org/W3195948031","https://openalex.org/W3196152546","https://openalex.org/W3199846086","https://openalex.org/W3201029037","https://openalex.org/W3201268626","https://openalex.org/W3206545182","https://openalex.org/W3216474674","https://openalex.org/W4226220149","https://openalex.org/W4250072262","https://openalex.org/W4285247387","https://openalex.org/W6632075054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769590643","https://openalex.org/W2826268264","https://openalex.org/W2169642774","https://openalex.org/W2532161418","https://openalex.org/W4403466292","https://openalex.org/W2556201531","https://openalex.org/W3092006079","https://openalex.org/W4327633811","https://openalex.org/W2945658197","https://openalex.org/W4295736545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"radio":[1],"(CR),":[2],"non-orthogonal":[3],"multiple":[4,83,154,158],"access":[5,155,159],"(NOMA),":[6],"and":[7,21,32,161,174],"full-duplex":[8],"(FD)":[9],"communications":[10],"have":[11],"been":[12],"considered":[13],"key":[14],"technologies":[15],"for":[16,65,142],"providing":[17],"spectrum":[18],"utilization":[19],"improvement":[20],"higher":[22],"energy":[23,69],"efficiency":[24,70],"on":[25,170],"the":[26,67,88,101,109,120,124,180,189],"Internet":[27],"of":[28,104],"Things":[29],"(IoT)":[30],"networks":[31],"next-generation":[33],"communication.":[34],"However,":[35],"security":[36],"concerns":[37],"are":[38,80],"still":[39],"an":[40],"issue":[41],"to":[42,82,97,118,136,188],"be":[43],"addressed":[44],"because":[45],"confidential":[46],"information":[47],"is":[48,112],"exposed":[49,81],"in":[50,72,196],"wireless":[51],"systems.":[52],"To":[53],"solve":[54],"this":[55],"problem,":[56,126],"we":[57,86,127,145,165],"design":[58],"a":[59,129,147,193],"novel":[60],"artificial":[61],"intelligence":[62,176],"(AI)-based":[63],"framework":[64,184],"maximizing":[66],"secrecy":[68],"(SEE)":[71],"FD":[73],"cooperative":[74,148],"relay":[75,149],"underlay":[76],"CR-NOMA":[77],"systems":[78],"that":[79,99],"eavesdroppers.":[84],"First,":[85],"formulate":[87],"non-convex":[89],"SEE":[90],"optimization":[91,133],"problem":[92,111],"as":[93],"bi-level":[94],"optimization,":[95],"subject":[96],"constraints":[98],"satisfy":[100],"quality-of-service":[102],"requirements":[103],"secondary":[105],"users.":[106],"In":[107,140],"particular,":[108],"outer":[110],"solved":[113],"with":[114,152,192],"ensemble":[115],"learning":[116,172],"(EL)":[117],"select":[119],"optimal":[121,190],"relay.":[122],"Regarding":[123],"inner":[125],"propose":[128],"quantum":[130],"particle":[131],"swarm":[132,175],"(QPSO)-based":[134],"technique":[135],"optimize":[137],"power":[138],"allocation.":[139],"addition,":[141],"comparison":[143],"purposes,":[144],"describe":[146],"CR":[150],"network":[151],"orthogonal":[153],"(OMA),":[156],"rate-splitting":[157],"(RSMA),":[160],"half-duplex":[162],"technologies.":[163],"Moreover,":[164],"evaluate":[166],"comparative":[167],"schemes":[168],"based":[169],"machine":[171],"algorithms":[173],"baseline":[177],"schemes.":[178],"Furthermore,":[179],"proposed":[181],"EL-aided":[182],"QPSO-based":[183],"achieves":[185],"performance":[186],"close":[187],"solutions,":[191],"meaningful":[194],"reduction":[195],"computation":[197],"complexity.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}