{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286656244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3187674","title":"A Smart Road Side Unit in a Microeolic Box to Provide Edge Computing for Vehicular Applications","display_name":"A Smart Road Side Unit in a Microeolic Box to Provide Edge Computing for Vehicular Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286656244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3187674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2022.3187674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3187674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055135908","display_name":"Fabio Busacca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8923-6340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Busacca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento Energia, Ingegneria dell&#x2019;Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","CNIT Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8923-6340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Energia, Ingegneria dell&#x2019;Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNIT Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020099883","display_name":"Christian Grasso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4238-0972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Grasso","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania and CNIT Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4238-0972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania and CNIT Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061649682","display_name":"Sergio Palazzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7428-0533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Palazzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania and CNIT Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania and CNIT Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076946990","display_name":"Giovanni Schembra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-8389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Schembra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania and CNIT Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-8389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania and CNIT Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3399,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92564573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"194","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7407416105270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.739180326461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.6356207728385925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.567156195640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5174820423126221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.5109192728996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5106149315834045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.4737316370010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39440321922302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3942287564277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34782782196998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.22205978631973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18586206436157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15940004587173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.13687631487846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13262268900871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.11707004904747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09068489074707031}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7407416105270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.739180326461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6356207728385925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.567156195640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5174820423126221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.5109192728996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5106149315834045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.4737316370010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39440321922302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3942287564277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34782782196998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.22205978631973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18586206436157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15940004587173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.13687631487846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13262268900871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.11707004904747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09068489074707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2022.3187674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3187674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904504745","https://openalex.org/W1984187922","https://openalex.org/W2027142265","https://openalex.org/W2098105074","https://openalex.org/W2115826867","https://openalex.org/W2140367040","https://openalex.org/W2155098096","https://openalex.org/W2174033688","https://openalex.org/W2242879090","https://openalex.org/W2342689625","https://openalex.org/W2477703636","https://openalex.org/W2488111786","https://openalex.org/W2593769694","https://openalex.org/W2604830243","https://openalex.org/W2735699662","https://openalex.org/W2739611732","https://openalex.org/W2758639788","https://openalex.org/W2800992211","https://openalex.org/W2806153095","https://openalex.org/W2895973886","https://openalex.org/W2902693277","https://openalex.org/W2904062153","https://openalex.org/W2916889275","https://openalex.org/W2921337715","https://openalex.org/W3005620403","https://openalex.org/W3016108395","https://openalex.org/W3019721760","https://openalex.org/W3040977518","https://openalex.org/W3045917937","https://openalex.org/W3086388174","https://openalex.org/W3095779321","https://openalex.org/W3096813197","https://openalex.org/W3139280254","https://openalex.org/W3169278528","https://openalex.org/W3170473362","https://openalex.org/W3171714277","https://openalex.org/W3184724522","https://openalex.org/W3186433106","https://openalex.org/W3187498798","https://openalex.org/W3189891497","https://openalex.org/W3196359308","https://openalex.org/W3201425084","https://openalex.org/W3202550680","https://openalex.org/W3211730009","https://openalex.org/W4205819861","https://openalex.org/W4214717370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W141508452","https://openalex.org/W2774344263","https://openalex.org/W2070120713","https://openalex.org/W2802293874","https://openalex.org/W2994939960","https://openalex.org/W4312661457","https://openalex.org/W3042990279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deployment":[0],"of":[1,11,44,90,93,97,136,153,176],"technologies":[2,29],"for":[3,65],"Intelligent":[4],"Transportation":[5],"Systems":[6],"(ITS)":[7],"involves":[8],"the":[9,17,42,45,112,137,140,156,166,170,174,181],"installation":[10],"Road":[12],"Side":[13],"Units":[14,21],"(RSU)":[15],"on":[16],"roadway":[18],"and":[19,39,85,117,120,134,168,191,196],"On-Board":[20],"(OBU)":[22],"inside":[23],"vehicles.":[24,73],"In":[25],"this":[26,48,179],"direction,":[27],"5G":[28],"will":[30],"make":[31],"a":[32,52,57,78,143],"great":[33],"impulse":[34],"providing":[35,62],"low":[36,91],"latency":[37],"communication":[38],"computation":[40],"at":[41,61,165,169,193],"edge":[43,63],"network.":[46],"First,":[47],"paper":[49,141],"defines":[50,142],"VMEC-in-a-Box,":[51],"smart":[53],"RSU":[54],"combined":[55],"with":[56,77],"MEC":[58,167,197],"station,":[59],"aimed":[60],"computing":[64,107],"vehicular":[66],"applications":[67],"by":[68,101,123,151],"enabling":[69],"job":[70],"offloading":[71,124],"from":[72],"VMEC-in-a-Box":[74,98],"is":[75,99,180],"equipped":[76],"microeolic":[79],"power":[80,118],"generator":[81],"to":[82,104,110,121,126,131,146,149,160,188],"be":[83],"autonomous":[84],"self-consistent":[86],"even":[87],"in":[88],"presence":[89],"levels":[92],"wind.":[94],"The":[95],"behavior":[96,158],"controlled":[100],"artificial":[102],"intelligence":[103],"vary":[105],"its":[106],"capacity":[108],"dynamically":[109],"pursue":[111],"best":[113,175],"tradeoff":[114],"between":[115],"performance":[116,133,192],"consumption,":[119],"cooperate":[122],"jobs":[125],"each":[127],"other":[128],"(horizontal":[129],"offload)":[130],"improve":[132],"reliability":[135,190],"system.":[138],"Hence,":[139],"Markov":[144],"model":[145],"support":[147],"decisions":[148],"optimize":[150],"means":[152],"Reinforcement":[154],"Learning":[155],"system":[157],"according":[159],"two":[161],"reward":[162],"functions":[163],"defined":[164],"Vehicular":[171,195],"Domains.":[172,198],"To":[173],"our":[177],"knowledge,":[178],"first":[182],"work":[183],"proposing":[184],"an":[185],"integrated":[186],"framework":[187],"maximize":[189],"both":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
