{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210767197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3147970","title":"Low-Complexity Layered ACO-OFDM for Power-Efficient Visible Light Communications","display_name":"Low-Complexity Layered ACO-OFDM for Power-Efficient Visible Light Communications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210767197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3147970"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2022.3147970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3147970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063715338","display_name":"Ruowen Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6077-0961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruowen Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6077-0961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091612000","display_name":"Steve Hranilovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0308-2489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Hranilovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0308-2489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102023049","display_name":"Zhaocheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6150-3846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaocheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6150-3846","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78885402,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"1780","last_page":"1792"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.8213337659835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.6641672849655151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6198427677154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5724130272865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.5573550462722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.48512017726898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4517672061920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4504200518131256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41597044467926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4156968593597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4142563045024872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.41159558296203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34360283613204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31977593898773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2278914451599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.208688884973526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18218126893043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.10775932669639587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.8213337659835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.6641672849655151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6198427677154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5724130272865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.5573550462722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.48512017726898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4517672061920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4504200518131256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41597044467926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4156968593597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4142563045024872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41159558296203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34360283613204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31977593898773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2278914451599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.208688884973526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18218126893043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.10775932669639587}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2022.3147970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3147970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505562276","https://openalex.org/W1556721971","https://openalex.org/W1565383065","https://openalex.org/W1977953763","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2005598207","https://openalex.org/W2020526719","https://openalex.org/W2035527502","https://openalex.org/W2096776475","https://openalex.org/W2100303002","https://openalex.org/W2105935781","https://openalex.org/W2114080080","https://openalex.org/W2122740253","https://openalex.org/W2123068486","https://openalex.org/W2124496513","https://openalex.org/W2126936420","https://openalex.org/W2138959822","https://openalex.org/W2163770389","https://openalex.org/W2200297535","https://openalex.org/W2291169002","https://openalex.org/W2395328918","https://openalex.org/W2482657654","https://openalex.org/W2542331688","https://openalex.org/W2547005688","https://openalex.org/W2589089055","https://openalex.org/W2597737612","https://openalex.org/W2603019711","https://openalex.org/W2621284532","https://openalex.org/W2646258928","https://openalex.org/W2744370365","https://openalex.org/W2751567198","https://openalex.org/W2766070188","https://openalex.org/W2766808253","https://openalex.org/W2774687927","https://openalex.org/W2789277805","https://openalex.org/W2792404619","https://openalex.org/W2810602244","https://openalex.org/W2886190996","https://openalex.org/W2892213112","https://openalex.org/W2903529950","https://openalex.org/W2906339502","https://openalex.org/W2906833962","https://openalex.org/W2909821581","https://openalex.org/W2913764646","https://openalex.org/W2920369046","https://openalex.org/W2922746226","https://openalex.org/W2941588582","https://openalex.org/W2962263571","https://openalex.org/W2962725554","https://openalex.org/W2999612600","https://openalex.org/W3009221373","https://openalex.org/W3009842061","https://openalex.org/W3019239004","https://openalex.org/W3025960117","https://openalex.org/W3028587314","https://openalex.org/W3033394108","https://openalex.org/W3044929920","https://openalex.org/W3048396449","https://openalex.org/W3101674493","https://openalex.org/W3109938142","https://openalex.org/W3127849114","https://openalex.org/W3134637940","https://openalex.org/W3177405367","https://openalex.org/W3197250466","https://openalex.org/W4205433324","https://openalex.org/W6699661188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2501797479","https://openalex.org/W2997630107","https://openalex.org/W3109516991","https://openalex.org/W1544202060","https://openalex.org/W3206736260","https://openalex.org/W3215727179","https://openalex.org/W1484601885","https://openalex.org/W4385346047","https://openalex.org/W2899759720","https://openalex.org/W4290996306"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Commercially":[0],"available":[1],"LED":[2],"luminaires":[3],"demand":[4],"both":[5,52,148],"low-complexity":[6,62],"and":[7,36,54,77,89,95,123,151,171],"high":[8,33,37,48],"power":[9,38,102],"efficiency":[10,35],"from":[11],"visible":[12],"light":[13],"communication":[14],"(VLC)":[15],"deployments.":[16],"Layered":[17],"asymmetrically":[18],"clipped":[19],"optical":[20],"orthogonal":[21],"frequency":[22],"division":[23],"multiplexing":[24],"(LACO-OFDM)":[25],"is":[26,110,114,159,178],"attracting":[27],"increasing":[28],"interest":[29],"due":[30],"to":[31,65,69,97,104,116,124,180,183],"the":[32,45,105,134,140,149,152],"spectral":[34],"efficiency.":[39],"However,":[40],"these":[41],"advantages":[42],"come":[43],"at":[44,51],"price":[46],"of":[47,85,121,142,157],"computational":[49],"complexity":[50],"transmitter":[53,150],"receiver.":[55,153],"In":[56],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59],"propose":[60],"a":[61,74,166,173],"LACO-OFDM":[63,146],"(L-LACO)":[64],"generating":[66],"identical":[67,182],"signals":[68],"conventional":[70,98],"systems":[71],"while":[72],"employing":[73],"half-size":[75],"IFFT/FFT":[76],"possessing":[78],"low":[79],"implementation":[80],"complexity.":[81],"The":[82,100,154],"required":[83],"number":[84,120,141],"real-valued":[86,90],"multiplication":[87],"operations":[88,92,109,144],"addition":[91],"are":[93],"quantified":[94],"compared":[96],"LACO-OFDM.":[99,184],"saved":[101],"corresponding":[103],"reduction":[106],"in":[107],"arithmetic":[108,143],"also":[111],"estimated,":[112],"which":[113],"shown":[115,179],"increase":[117,125],"logarithmically":[118],"with":[119,127],"subcarriers,":[122],"linearly":[126],"modulation":[128],"bandwidth.":[129],"Numerical":[130],"results":[131],"show":[132],"that":[133,177],"proposed":[135],"L-LACO":[136,158],"requires":[137],"about":[138],"half":[139],"as":[145],"for":[147],"BER":[155],"performance":[156],"estimated":[160],"by":[161],"Monte":[162],"Carlo":[163],"simulations":[164],"under":[165,172],"VLC":[167,174],"line-of-sight":[168],"(LOS)":[169],"channel":[170,176],"dispersive":[175],"be":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
