{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3180304393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3095792","title":"Backscatter Wireless Communications and Sensing in Green Internet of Things","display_name":"Backscatter Wireless Communications and Sensing in Green Internet of Things","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3180304393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3095792","mag":"3180304393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2021.3095792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3095792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066460889","display_name":"Usman Saleh Toro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8065-5351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Usman Saleh Toro","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001188748","display_name":"Kaishun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2216-0737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaishun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035919267","display_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066460889"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9679981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7046331167221069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6164339780807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5567236542701721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.5430577993392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5045281648635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4258125126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4234205484390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.41368788480758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2994725704193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.2981811761856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.26617878675460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2130415439605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1609949767589569}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7046331167221069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6164339780807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5567236542701721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.5430577993392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5045281648635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4258125126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4234205484390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.41368788480758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2994725704193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2981811761856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.26617878675460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2130415439605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1609949767589569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2021.3095792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3095792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1170000390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2001207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8812220829","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":157,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967872708","https://openalex.org/W1971560510","https://openalex.org/W1993171629","https://openalex.org/W2040824660","https://openalex.org/W2056908430","https://openalex.org/W2087248844","https://openalex.org/W2089535996","https://openalex.org/W2093602264","https://openalex.org/W2108828013","https://openalex.org/W2111360050","https://openalex.org/W2167058765","https://openalex.org/W2218982152","https://openalex.org/W2241360163","https://openalex.org/W2312571054","https://openalex.org/W2313486387","https://openalex.org/W2415527004","https://openalex.org/W2440845537","https://openalex.org/W2463966622","https://openalex.org/W2481477255","https://openalex.org/W2494930761","https://openalex.org/W2522206758","https://openalex.org/W2562896287","https://openalex.org/W2572855315","https://openalex.org/W2732113146","https://openalex.org/W2743524224","https://openalex.org/W2761188035","https://openalex.org/W2761365047","https://openalex.org/W2761858755","https://openalex.org/W2763851078","https://openalex.org/W2764021609","https://openalex.org/W2767436941","https://openalex.org/W2770792002","https://openalex.org/W2770823368","https://openalex.org/W2773366896","https://openalex.org/W2782748535","https://openalex.org/W2787730280","https://openalex.org/W2808648732","https://openalex.org/W2833339309","https://openalex.org/W2847724665","https://openalex.org/W2862767104","https://openalex.org/W2885549624","https://openalex.org/W2887382655","https://openalex.org/W2889309012","https://openalex.org/W2889960731","https://openalex.org/W2893061852","https://openalex.org/W2893939120","https://openalex.org/W2895454920","https://openalex.org/W2896348527","https://openalex.org/W2896886577","https://openalex.org/W2898272312","https://openalex.org/W2898651926","https://openalex.org/W2901403019","https://openalex.org/W2902222448","https://openalex.org/W2909853079","https://openalex.org/W2910167919","https://openalex.org/W2910693350","https://openalex.org/W2913135829","https://openalex.org/W2920039152","https://openalex.org/W2921958312","https://openalex.org/W2956005887","https://openalex.org/W2956303517","https://openalex.org/W2957537276","https://openalex.org/W2962732150","https://openalex.org/W2963205726","https://openalex.org/W2963441626","https://openalex.org/W2963907541","https://openalex.org/W2964025376","https://openalex.org/W2964056649","https://openalex.org/W2964063075","https://openalex.org/W2964819384","https://openalex.org/W2968103728","https://openalex.org/W2969129261","https://openalex.org/W2969293103","https://openalex.org/W2969403123","https://openalex.org/W2969652389","https://openalex.org/W2970136636","https://openalex.org/W2972088616","https://openalex.org/W2972880858","https://openalex.org/W2975892129","https://openalex.org/W2980459100","https://openalex.org/W2981776589","https://openalex.org/W2982631202","https://openalex.org/W2983834903","https://openalex.org/W2990436653","https://openalex.org/W2996943723","https://openalex.org/W3000753883","https://openalex.org/W3002426645","https://openalex.org/W3002841351","https://openalex.org/W3004196347","https://openalex.org/W3004377279","https://openalex.org/W3005943402","https://openalex.org/W3006999899","https://openalex.org/W3010437074","https://openalex.org/W3012412929","https://openalex.org/W3014409385","https://openalex.org/W3018362696","https://openalex.org/W3019543865","https://openalex.org/W3021125579","https://openalex.org/W3021357400","https://openalex.org/W3023199074","https://openalex.org/W3033316770","https://openalex.org/W3033505434","https://openalex.org/W3033672267","https://openalex.org/W3033990438","https://openalex.org/W3033995050","https://openalex.org/W3034636778","https://openalex.org/W3035667171","https://openalex.org/W3036724888","https://openalex.org/W3036893851","https://openalex.org/W3045794842","https://openalex.org/W3046884028","https://openalex.org/W3047041856","https://openalex.org/W3048012355","https://openalex.org/W3088424142","https://openalex.org/W3088696499","https://openalex.org/W3089092845","https://openalex.org/W3093646930","https://openalex.org/W3095631115","https://openalex.org/W3095931495","https://openalex.org/W3097838874","https://openalex.org/W3099666646","https://openalex.org/W3100497364","https://openalex.org/W3106723876","https://openalex.org/W3107212578","https://openalex.org/W3118215922","https://openalex.org/W3120316304","https://openalex.org/W3127177591","https://openalex.org/W3127542893","https://openalex.org/W3129116239","https://openalex.org/W3130589441","https://openalex.org/W3131382839","https://openalex.org/W3131384518","https://openalex.org/W3131790995","https://openalex.org/W3132146810","https://openalex.org/W3133889332","https://openalex.org/W3134194494","https://openalex.org/W3134312399","https://openalex.org/W3134527039","https://openalex.org/W3134569544","https://openalex.org/W3136336229","https://openalex.org/W3136445001","https://openalex.org/W3137463611","https://openalex.org/W3137655474","https://openalex.org/W3138995019","https://openalex.org/W3145808902","https://openalex.org/W3153264960","https://openalex.org/W3154553137","https://openalex.org/W3169503372","https://openalex.org/W4239275670","https://openalex.org/W4242781462","https://openalex.org/W4287864480","https://openalex.org/W6628478440","https://openalex.org/W6631948186","https://openalex.org/W6685038319","https://openalex.org/W6687355602","https://openalex.org/W6734510151","https://openalex.org/W6775045525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898145991","https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2566010174","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W3018308121","https://openalex.org/W179829755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet":[0],"of":[1,83,125,180],"Things":[2],"(IoT)":[3],"is":[4,25],"a":[5,99,172],"key":[6],"technology":[7],"for":[8,33,66],"enabling":[9],"ubiquitous":[10],"applications":[11,137,161,179],"that":[12,37,103],"interconnect":[13],"with":[14,152],"cyber-physical":[15],"systems":[16],"in":[17,76,88],"various":[18],"environments.":[19],"However,":[20],"its":[21,129],"large":[22],"scale":[23],"adoption":[24],"strongly":[26],"impeded":[27],"by":[28,43,159],"the":[29,44,77,153],"limited":[30],"energy":[31,67,174],"available":[32],"most":[34],"IoT":[35,52,84,106,116,148,183],"devices":[36,53,117],"are":[38,133,149,184],"battery-powered,":[39],"and":[40,72,80,111,113,131,146,155,162],"further":[41],"challenged":[42],"growing":[45],"demands":[46],"to":[47,118,166],"pack":[48],"increasing":[49],"functionalities":[50],"into":[51],"while":[54,170],"shrinking":[55],"their":[56],"sizes.":[57],"To":[58],"address":[59,167],"these":[60,160,168],"problems,":[61],"researchers":[62],"have":[63],"developed":[64],"techniques":[65,165],"harvesting,":[68],"wireless":[69,109],"power":[70,74],"transfer,":[71],"minimizing":[73],"consumption":[75],"sensing,":[78],"communication":[79,110],"computation":[81],"components":[82],"nodes,":[85],"as":[86,139],"found":[87],"many":[89],"surveys.":[90],"In":[91],"contrast,":[92],"this":[93],"paper":[94],"surveys":[95],"Backscatter":[96],"Communication":[97],"(BackCom),":[98],"recently":[100],"emerged":[101],"technique":[102],"enables":[104],"green":[105,127,182],"through":[107],"joint":[108],"sensing":[112],"potentially":[114],"allows":[115],"operate":[119],"without":[120],"batteries.":[121],"The":[122],"operating":[123],"principle":[124],"BackCom-based":[126,181],"IoT,":[128],"architecture":[130],"evolution":[132],"presented.":[134],"Also":[135],"state-of-the-art":[136],"such":[138],"healthcare,":[140],"agriculture,":[141],"human":[142],"activity":[143],"recognition,":[144],"transportation":[145],"mobile":[147],"reviewed":[150],"together":[151],"operational":[154],"security":[156],"challenges":[157,169],"faced":[158],"potential":[163],"solution":[164],"ensuring":[171],"high":[173],"efficiency.":[175],"Lastly,":[176],"some":[177],"future":[178],"discussed.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
