{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3182677369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3095315","title":"Energy-Efficient Secure Video Streaming in UAV-Enabled Wireless Networks: A Safe-DQN Approach","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Secure Video Streaming in UAV-Enabled Wireless Networks: A Safe-DQN Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3182677369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3095315","mag":"3182677369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2021.3095315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3095315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071252737","display_name":"Zhicai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-7907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhicai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-7907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106857575","display_name":"Qian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4194-3918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675224","display_name":"Jiansong Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-2407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiansong Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-2407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420016","display_name":"F. Richard Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-7594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Richard Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-7594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009706976","display_name":"Fang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-0554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-0554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030092282","display_name":"Jianbo Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-4942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbo Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-4942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084433167","display_name":"Tuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-5964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-5964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":48.3391,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99713079,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"1892","last_page":"1905"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7055070996284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5656630992889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5517287254333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-streaming","display_name":"Video streaming","score":0.5425103902816772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.41008269786834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33257728815078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32202693819999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23536506295204163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7055070996284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5656630992889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5517287254333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986160907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220499","display_name":"Video streaming","level":2,"score":0.5425103902816772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.41008269786834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33257728815078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32202693819999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23536506295204163}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2021.3095315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3095315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5790801753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020JQ-844","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6206746490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L192034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6635309208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901367","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518931405","https://openalex.org/W1995727329","https://openalex.org/W2027579135","https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2126509541","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2156214717","https://openalex.org/W2522123397","https://openalex.org/W2575224709","https://openalex.org/W2761862361","https://openalex.org/W2767359317","https://openalex.org/W2889095921","https://openalex.org/W2898652425","https://openalex.org/W2900839710","https://openalex.org/W2903254326","https://openalex.org/W2905930885","https://openalex.org/W2914830997","https://openalex.org/W2916102615","https://openalex.org/W2941351277","https://openalex.org/W2960466134","https://openalex.org/W2962943958","https://openalex.org/W2963117265","https://openalex.org/W2963580658","https://openalex.org/W2963638537","https://openalex.org/W2964023906","https://openalex.org/W2969277962","https://openalex.org/W2974904967","https://openalex.org/W2982964493","https://openalex.org/W3005111982","https://openalex.org/W3012971645","https://openalex.org/W3016146548","https://openalex.org/W3020902315","https://openalex.org/W3029548106","https://openalex.org/W3036260642","https://openalex.org/W3036749975","https://openalex.org/W3037858978","https://openalex.org/W3044679559","https://openalex.org/W3046943120","https://openalex.org/W3046988891","https://openalex.org/W3048217314","https://openalex.org/W3048949168","https://openalex.org/W3049077195","https://openalex.org/W3097934450","https://openalex.org/W3111141591","https://openalex.org/W3121056417","https://openalex.org/W3131166704","https://openalex.org/W4294562617","https://openalex.org/W6780471620","https://openalex.org/W6785897278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111375262","https://openalex.org/W2317728013","https://openalex.org/W1991205173","https://openalex.org/W2109048960","https://openalex.org/W2741481635","https://openalex.org/W2338537463","https://openalex.org/W2183644707","https://openalex.org/W2038165453","https://openalex.org/W3162258837","https://openalex.org/W2121543627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1,17],"vehicles":[2],"(UAVs)":[3],"are":[4],"anticipated":[5],"to":[6,36,46,93,108,121,164],"be":[7],"integrated":[8],"into":[9],"the":[10,37,48,88,95,103,166,170,180,183],"next":[11],"generation":[12],"wireless":[13,43,77],"networks":[14],"as":[15,28,102,117,135],"new":[16],"mobile":[18],"nodes,":[19],"which":[20],"can":[21],"provide":[22],"various":[23],"live":[24],"streaming":[25,73],"applications":[26],"such":[27,33],"surveillance,":[29],"reconnaissance,":[30],"etc.":[31],"For":[32],"applications,":[34],"due":[35],"dynamic":[38],"characteristics":[39],"of":[40,50,105,169,182],"traffic":[41],"and":[42,87,142],"channels,":[44],"how":[45],"guarantee":[47,122],"quality":[49,107],"service":[51],"(QoS)":[52],"is":[53,100,115,133,161],"a":[54,118,127,136,151,158],"challenging":[55],"task.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"with":[60,175,187],"recent":[61],"advances":[62],"in":[63,74,126],"scalable":[64],"video":[65,72,82,106],"coding":[66],"(SVC),":[67],"we":[68,91],"study":[69],"energy-efficient":[70],"secure":[71],"rotary-wing":[75],"UAV-enabled":[76],"networks.":[78],"By":[79],"jointly":[80],"optimizing":[81],"levels":[83],"selection,":[84],"power":[85,109],"allocation,":[86],"UAV\u2019s":[89],"trajectory,":[90],"intend":[92],"maximize":[94],"long-term":[96],"energy":[97],"efficiency":[98],"that":[99],"defined":[101],"ratio":[104],"consumption.":[110],"Meanwhile,":[111],"secrecy":[112],"timeout":[113],"probability":[114],"considered":[116],"constraint":[119,167],"cost":[120],"time":[123],"delays":[124],"requirements":[125],"long":[128],"run":[129],"perspective.":[130],"Our":[131],"problem":[132],"modeled":[134],"constrained":[137],"Markov":[138],"decision":[139],"process":[140],"(CMDP)":[141],"solved":[143],"by":[144,156],"safe":[145,152],"deep":[146],"Q-learning":[147],"network":[148],"(safe-DQN),":[149],"where":[150],"policies":[153],"set":[154],"induced":[155],"constructing":[157],"Lyapunov":[159],"function":[160],"dynamically":[162],"adjusted":[163],"satisfy":[165],"conditions":[168],"CMDP.":[171],"Extensive":[172],"simulation":[173],"results":[174],"different":[176],"system":[177],"parameters":[178],"show":[179],"effectiveness":[181],"proposed":[184],"algorithm":[185],"compared":[186],"other":[188],"existing":[189],"reinforcement":[190],"learning":[191],"algorithms.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}