{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165651043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3083426","title":"An Integration of Online Learning and Online Control for Green Offloading in Fog-Assisted IoT Systems","display_name":"An Integration of Online Learning and Online Control for Green Offloading in Fog-Assisted IoT Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165651043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3083426","mag":"3165651043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2021.3083426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3083426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055109822","display_name":"Xin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-9264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-9264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080717946","display_name":"Xi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3391-6675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","School of Information Science and Technology Shanghaitech University  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3391-6675","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology Shanghaitech University  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025859650","display_name":"Ziyu Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-1391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyu Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","School of Information Science and Technology Shanghaitech University  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-1391","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology Shanghaitech University  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397725","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0608-9408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151021","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ek0ze18","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151021"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Network Communication, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","Shanghai Institute of Fog Computing Technology (SHIFT), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","Shenzhen SmartCity Technology Development Group Company Ltd, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0608-9408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Network Communication, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Fog Computing Technology (SHIFT), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798","https://openalex.org/I4210151021"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen SmartCity Technology Development Group Company Ltd, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8212,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74140862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"1632","last_page":"1646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7676005363464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regret","display_name":"Regret","score":0.671551525592804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5592674612998962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.555718719959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5536273717880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.484896719455719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.45843014121055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.45803311467170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4504764676094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.44698572158813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4406298100948334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4388943910598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sublinear-function","display_name":"Sublinear function","score":0.418460875749588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4065004587173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23466017842292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17630916833877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1732344925403595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09140771627426147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7676005363464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50817715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79895177","display_name":"Regret","level":2,"score":0.671551525592804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5592674612998962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.555718719959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5536273717880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.484896719455719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.45843014121055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.45803311467170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4504764676094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.44698572158813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4406298100948334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4388943910598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117160843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338652","display_name":"Sublinear function","level":2,"score":0.418460875749588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4065004587173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23466017842292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17630916833877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1732344925403595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09140771627426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2021.3083426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3083426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G814044774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19ZR1433900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8585067393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB2104300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326446","display_name":"National Development and Reform Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/017a59b72"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35251828","https://openalex.org/W1516061453","https://openalex.org/W1904826605","https://openalex.org/W1950398167","https://openalex.org/W2008818400","https://openalex.org/W2049934117","https://openalex.org/W2084026635","https://openalex.org/W2092353007","https://openalex.org/W2102050507","https://openalex.org/W2112420033","https://openalex.org/W2116067849","https://openalex.org/W2125890412","https://openalex.org/W2137152139","https://openalex.org/W2168405694","https://openalex.org/W2293030187","https://openalex.org/W2397723600","https://openalex.org/W2400861403","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2472333518","https://openalex.org/W2542446008","https://openalex.org/W2547443968","https://openalex.org/W2559744077","https://openalex.org/W2596636257","https://openalex.org/W2734936460","https://openalex.org/W2799069368","https://openalex.org/W2899587421","https://openalex.org/W2904994737","https://openalex.org/W2905538952","https://openalex.org/W2914136850","https://openalex.org/W2914156981","https://openalex.org/W2941486115","https://openalex.org/W2950929549","https://openalex.org/W2959222764","https://openalex.org/W2963334314","https://openalex.org/W2963945346","https://openalex.org/W2964098968","https://openalex.org/W2964221923","https://openalex.org/W2976656980","https://openalex.org/W2978955357","https://openalex.org/W2985924367","https://openalex.org/W2999326456","https://openalex.org/W3000558069","https://openalex.org/W3027485588","https://openalex.org/W3045914148","https://openalex.org/W3046504761","https://openalex.org/W3086142340","https://openalex.org/W3102868704","https://openalex.org/W4206275166","https://openalex.org/W6601392155","https://openalex.org/W6640542924","https://openalex.org/W6729106829","https://openalex.org/W7075680496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783683035","https://openalex.org/W4313913681","https://openalex.org/W2159459871","https://openalex.org/W4322616362","https://openalex.org/W3009923408","https://openalex.org/W2298102683","https://openalex.org/W2902277679","https://openalex.org/W4221153283","https://openalex.org/W2072862869","https://openalex.org/W2990062287"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,75,119],"fog-assisted":[1],"IoT":[2,13,67],"systems,":[3],"it":[4],"is":[5,35,58],"a":[6,81,90,113,154,160],"common":[7],"practice":[8],"to":[9,15,20,126,136,174],"offload":[10],"tasks":[11],"from":[12],"devices":[14],"their":[16],"nearby":[17],"fog":[18,64],"nodes":[19,65],"reduce":[21],"task":[22,82,151],"processing":[23,49],"latencies":[24],"and":[25,51,66,108,131,164],"energy":[26,98,168],"consumptions.":[27],"However,":[28],"the":[29,55,70,128,139,149,166],"design":[30,71],"of":[31,41,105],"online":[32,106,109],"energy-efficient":[33],"scheme":[34],"still":[36],"an":[37,102],"open":[38],"problem":[39,84,95],"because":[40],"various":[42],"uncertainties":[43],"in":[44],"system":[45,87],"dynamics":[46,88],"such":[47,80,176],"as":[48,89],"capacities":[50],"transmission":[52],"rates.":[53],"Moreover,":[54],"decision-making":[56],"process":[57],"constrained":[59],"by":[60],"resource":[61],"limits":[62],"on":[63],"devices,":[68],"making":[69],"even":[72],"more":[73],"complicated.":[74],"this":[76],"paper,":[77],"we":[78,111,121],"formulate":[79],"offloading":[83],"with":[85,96,138,153],"unknown":[86],"combinatorial":[91],"multi-armed":[92],"bandit":[93,123],"(CMAB)":[94],"time-averaged":[97,140,167],"consumption":[99],"constraints.":[100,141,169],"Through":[101],"effective":[103],"integration":[104],"learning":[107,124],"control,":[110],"propose":[112],"Learning-Aided":[114],"Green":[115],"Offloading":[116],"(LAGO)":[117],"scheme.":[118],"LAGO,":[120],"employ":[122],"methods":[125],"handle":[127],"exploitation-exploration":[129],"tradeoff":[130],"utilize":[132],"virtual":[133],"queue":[134],"techniques":[135],"deal":[137],"Our":[142],"theoretical":[143,177],"analysis":[144],"shows":[145],"that":[146],"LAGO":[147],"reduces":[148],"average":[150],"latency":[152],"tunable":[155],"sublinear":[156],"regret":[157],"bound":[158],"over":[159],"finite":[161],"time":[162],"horizon":[163],"satisfies":[165],"We":[170],"conduct":[171],"extensive":[172],"simulations":[173],"verify":[175],"results.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
