{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883881874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2018.2859407","title":"Maximizing the Energy Efficiency of Virtualized C-RAN via Optimizing the Number of Virtual Machines","display_name":"Maximizing the Energy Efficiency of Virtualized C-RAN via Optimizing the Number of Virtual Machines","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883881874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2018.2859407","mag":"2883881874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2018.2859407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2018.2859407","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7511293/8538882/08436437.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7511293/8538882/08436437.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074917497","display_name":"Raad S. Alhumaima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-5965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I218242539","display_name":"Al Yarmouk University College","ror":"https://ror.org/05m9np560","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I218242539"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raad S. Alhumaima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Techniques, Al-Yarmouk University College, Diyala, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-5965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Techniques, Al-Yarmouk University College, Diyala, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I218242539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085902456","display_name":"Riyadh Khlf Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-1277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78277041","display_name":"University of Diyala","ror":"https://ror.org/01eb5yv70","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riyadh Khlf Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036588740","display_name":"Hamed Al\u2010Raweshidy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3702-8192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed S. Al-Raweshidy","raw_affiliation_strings":["WNCC, School of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3702-8192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WNCC, School of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.767,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91090357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"992","last_page":"1001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ran","display_name":"Ran","score":0.7225203514099121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5895721316337585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.5322152376174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4529291093349457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.419533908367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3467402458190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1888788640499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1309433877468109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.11778068542480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10787686705589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.05753156542778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.05535212159156799}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031028","display_name":"Ran","level":2,"score":0.7225203514099121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5895721316337585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.5322152376174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4529291093349457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.419533908367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3467402458190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1888788640499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1309433877468109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.11778068542480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10787686705589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.05753156542778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.05535212159156799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2018.2859407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2018.2859407","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7511293/8538882/08436437.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgcn.2018.2859407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2018.2859407","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7511293/8538882/08436437.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192662","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","issn_l":"2473-2400","issn":["2473-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883881874.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883881874.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546298537","https://openalex.org/W1586578798","https://openalex.org/W1589728707","https://openalex.org/W1989812994","https://openalex.org/W1994896443","https://openalex.org/W1999037997","https://openalex.org/W1999971903","https://openalex.org/W2002036601","https://openalex.org/W2026489449","https://openalex.org/W2039089261","https://openalex.org/W2062936250","https://openalex.org/W2066183162","https://openalex.org/W2066690376","https://openalex.org/W2085105966","https://openalex.org/W2091929866","https://openalex.org/W2109546606","https://openalex.org/W2112170521","https://openalex.org/W2112320297","https://openalex.org/W2115456330","https://openalex.org/W2121574037","https://openalex.org/W2124695036","https://openalex.org/W2139041001","https://openalex.org/W2144628693","https://openalex.org/W2144776482","https://openalex.org/W2149472591","https://openalex.org/W2159081109","https://openalex.org/W2165954015","https://openalex.org/W2166909680","https://openalex.org/W2167353407","https://openalex.org/W2170388727","https://openalex.org/W2264892787","https://openalex.org/W2284351912","https://openalex.org/W2293984141","https://openalex.org/W2319568723","https://openalex.org/W2334600287","https://openalex.org/W2341846527","https://openalex.org/W2395731689","https://openalex.org/W2500898769","https://openalex.org/W2528733201","https://openalex.org/W2605993734","https://openalex.org/W2610551401","https://openalex.org/W2804410507","https://openalex.org/W2999424480","https://openalex.org/W6632592361","https://openalex.org/W6678075097","https://openalex.org/W6684548956","https://openalex.org/W6711893318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885627391","https://openalex.org/W4294306393","https://openalex.org/W4285317318","https://openalex.org/W2117039245","https://openalex.org/W2670753859","https://openalex.org/W3038447164","https://openalex.org/W4220945535","https://openalex.org/W2001565360","https://openalex.org/W2024727399","https://openalex.org/W2981464089"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,28],"cloud":[1,42],"radio":[2,133],"access":[3],"networks":[4],"(C-RAN),":[5],"more":[6,153],"accurate":[7],"prediction":[8],"of":[9,12,33,38,66,72,88,101,104,150,154,177,186],"the":[10,31,41,63,70,85,99,123,131,140,148],"number":[11,37,65,103,185],"virtual":[13],"machines":[14],"(VMs)":[15],"one":[16,151],"server":[17,43],"can":[18],"support":[19],"would":[20],"improve":[21],"network":[22],"capacity":[23],"and":[24,107,136,165,189],"energy":[25],"efficiency":[26],"(EE).":[27],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"problem":[32,171],"allocating":[34],"an":[35],"optimal":[36],"VMs":[39,67],"to":[40,61,83,121,130,139,174,193],"is":[44,81,145],"introduced.":[45],"Monte":[46],"Carlo-based":[47],"evolutionary":[48],"algorithm":[49],"[particle":[50],"swarm":[51],"optimization":[52],"(PSO),":[53],"quantum":[54],"PSO,":[55],"or":[56,152],"genetic":[57],"algorithm]":[58],"are":[59,119],"used":[60],"find":[62],"suboptimal":[64],"that":[68],"optimizes":[69],"EE":[71,170],"C-RAN.":[73],"To":[74],"enable":[75],"such":[76],"evaluation,":[77],"a":[78,92],"power":[79,86,116,124],"model":[80],"proposed":[82,120],"evaluate":[84],"consumption":[87],"each":[89,113],"unit":[90,128],"within":[91],"virtualized":[93],"server.":[94],"This":[95,143],"evaluation":[96],"occurs":[97],"under":[98],"circumstances":[100],"increased":[102],"hosted":[105],"VMs,":[106],"processed":[108],"resource":[109],"blocks":[110],"(RBs)":[111],"at":[112],"VM.":[114],"Moreover,":[115],"allocation":[117,144],"methods":[118],"transmit":[122],"from":[125,137],"base":[126],"band":[127],"pool":[129],"remote":[132],"heads":[134],"(RRHs),":[135],"RRHs":[138],"users":[141],"(UEs).":[142],"based":[146],"on":[147],"combination":[149],"RRH":[155,157],"distance,":[156,161],"channel":[158,163],"gain,":[159,164],"UE":[160,162,166,182],"path":[167],"loss.":[168],"The":[169],"was":[172],"constrained":[173],"crucial":[175],"quality":[176],"service":[178],"indicators,":[179],"including":[180],"minimum":[181],"data":[183],"rate,":[184],"allocated":[187],"RBs,":[188],"latency":[190],"imposed":[191],"due":[192],"virtualization.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}