{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408790534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2025.3553712","title":"Gamifying Cultural Immersion: Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality in City Heritage","display_name":"Gamifying Cultural Immersion: Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality in City Heritage","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408790534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2025.3553712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tg.2025.3553712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2025.3553712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224842","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","issn_l":"2475-1502","issn":["2475-1502","2475-1510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087578160","display_name":"Filippo Sanfilippo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1437-8368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Sanfilippo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1437-8368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040248528","display_name":"Marius Tataru","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122695212","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Timi\u015foara","ror":"https://ror.org/02v91gy68","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marius Tataru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timi&#x015F;oara, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0812-5529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timi&#x015F;oara, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081798586","display_name":"Minh Tuan Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4300-9537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minh Tuan Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4300-9537","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116775580","display_name":"Inge Johan Straums\u00f8y Johansson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inge Johan Straums\u00f8y Johansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086880499","display_name":"Diana Andone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-7860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122695212","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Timi\u015foara","ror":"https://ror.org/02v91gy68","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana Andone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Education, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timi&#x015F;oara, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-7860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Education, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timi&#x015F;oara, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.6469,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9960295,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"893","last_page":"911"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9340000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9340000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersion","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","score":0.8848180770874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.8334094285964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-reality","display_name":"Mixed reality","score":0.6824541091918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-heritage","display_name":"Cultural heritage","score":0.4890235364437103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-reality","display_name":"Artificial reality","score":0.45843204855918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.38336893916130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3291153907775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-mediated-reality","display_name":"Computer-mediated reality","score":0.32857298851013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2956503629684448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20984750986099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.11022904515266418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.05574759840965271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199068039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574523","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8848180770874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.8334094285964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206776904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758389","display_name":"Mixed reality","level":3,"score":0.6824541091918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60671577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272","display_name":"Cultural heritage","level":2,"score":0.4890235364437103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8678698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801094","display_name":"Artificial reality","level":5,"score":0.45843204855918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38336893916130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3291153907775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134202134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157399","display_name":"Computer-mediated reality","level":4,"score":0.32857298851013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2956503629684448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20984750986099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.11022904515266418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.05574759840965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tg.2025.3553712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2025.3553712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224842","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","issn_l":"2475-1502","issn":["2475-1502","2475-1510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993387095","https://openalex.org/W2019160302","https://openalex.org/W2121188597","https://openalex.org/W2145705519","https://openalex.org/W2285114468","https://openalex.org/W2628611461","https://openalex.org/W2768427208","https://openalex.org/W2782898451","https://openalex.org/W2791340953","https://openalex.org/W2943313865","https://openalex.org/W2955747217","https://openalex.org/W2966553409","https://openalex.org/W2967678089","https://openalex.org/W2973017969","https://openalex.org/W2973788082","https://openalex.org/W2983571259","https://openalex.org/W2992968934","https://openalex.org/W2995753645","https://openalex.org/W3000334388","https://openalex.org/W3008537856","https://openalex.org/W3012236947","https://openalex.org/W3014046907","https://openalex.org/W3015172820","https://openalex.org/W3015795177","https://openalex.org/W3017187355","https://openalex.org/W3019475357","https://openalex.org/W3024378949","https://openalex.org/W3092337437","https://openalex.org/W3093527893","https://openalex.org/W3094122814","https://openalex.org/W3097709289","https://openalex.org/W3113926699","https://openalex.org/W3119942616","https://openalex.org/W3130713964","https://openalex.org/W3138993488","https://openalex.org/W3183441495","https://openalex.org/W3196775727","https://openalex.org/W3200610158","https://openalex.org/W3208336740","https://openalex.org/W4210509874","https://openalex.org/W4210667033","https://openalex.org/W4220852228","https://openalex.org/W4280511740","https://openalex.org/W4281857405","https://openalex.org/W4286603635","https://openalex.org/W4288854536","https://openalex.org/W4296940310","https://openalex.org/W4303578966","https://openalex.org/W4306762023","https://openalex.org/W4309087054","https://openalex.org/W4313646388","https://openalex.org/W4319586427","https://openalex.org/W4319593886","https://openalex.org/W4328104245","https://openalex.org/W4380768074","https://openalex.org/W4383649628","https://openalex.org/W4386028762","https://openalex.org/W4388036485","https://openalex.org/W4390740667","https://openalex.org/W4391044681","https://openalex.org/W4391197566","https://openalex.org/W4391746527","https://openalex.org/W4392388408","https://openalex.org/W4393164350","https://openalex.org/W4398202853","https://openalex.org/W4400037549","https://openalex.org/W4401334084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3205251208","https://openalex.org/W3046066817","https://openalex.org/W2906256945","https://openalex.org/W4388982268","https://openalex.org/W4285815440","https://openalex.org/W2147373786","https://openalex.org/W3212538390","https://openalex.org/W2608049397","https://openalex.org/W2903079804","https://openalex.org/W4408258168"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,210,234,286],"exploration":[1],"of":[2,21,91,99,112,135,176,183,192,221,240,243,252,255,266,273,327],"city":[3,144],"culture":[4],"and":[5,34,51,104,116,129,162,166,190,218,228,329,351],"heritage":[6,178],"has":[7],"gone":[8],"through":[9],"a":[10,62,113,195,238,250,355],"fundamental":[11],"transition":[12],"in":[13,55,67,173,206,224,295,349],"today's":[14],"digital":[15],"world,":[16],"boosted":[17],"by":[18,87],"the":[19,89,97,109,130,174,181,188,219,231,246,262,271,276,296,302,312,321,325,341,346],"introduction":[20],"extended":[22],"reality":[23,29,32],"(XR)":[24],"technologies,":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27],"virtual":[28],"(VR),":[30],"mixed":[31],"(MR),":[33],"augmented":[35],"reality.":[36],"These":[37],"developments":[38],"have":[39],"provided":[40],"new":[41],"opportunities":[42],"for":[43,331],"individuals":[44],"to":[45,76,83,142,158,203,230,261,269,301,311,316],"profoundly":[46],"engage":[47],"with":[48,73,96,154,320],"historical":[49,165],"narratives":[50],"artistic":[52,117,167],"expressions":[53],"inherent":[54],"urban":[56],"environments.":[57],"Despite":[58],"these":[59,70,151,207],"technical":[60],"advancements,":[61],"critical":[63],"research":[64],"gap":[65,86],"remains":[66],"properly":[68],"combining":[69],"immersive":[71,139,208],"technologies":[72],"gamification":[74,92,222],"principles":[75],"improve":[77,270],"cultural":[78,177],"exploration.":[79],"This":[80,306],"study":[81],"seeks":[82],"fill":[84],"this":[85,193],"studying":[88],"integration":[90],"into":[93,108,150],"XR":[94],"settings,":[95],"goal":[98],"increasing":[100],"participant":[101],"engagement,":[102],"cooperation,":[103],"interaction":[105],"while":[106,245,340],"digging":[107],"various":[110],"layers":[111],"city's":[114,232],"history":[115],"heritage.":[118,233],"Two":[119],"complementary":[120],"use":[121,152],"cases":[122],"are":[123,148,170],"presented:":[124],"one":[125],"centred":[126],"on":[127,132],"VR":[128,235,303,347],"other":[131],"MR,":[133],"both":[134,257],"which":[136],"provide":[137],"unique":[138],"experiences":[140],"customized":[141],"exploring":[143],"culture.":[145],"Gamification":[146],"ideas":[147],"implemented":[149],"cases,":[153],"game":[155],"elements":[156,319],"used":[157],"encourage":[159],"user":[160,214,277,358],"involvement":[161],"participation":[163],"within":[164],"settings.":[168],"Students":[169],"actively":[171],"involved":[172],"development":[175],"applications,":[179],"highlighting":[180],"value":[182],"educational":[184],"engagement.":[185],"To":[186],"assess":[187],"success":[189],"validity":[191],"approach,":[194],"system":[196],"usability":[197,338],"scale":[198,279],"(SUS)":[199],"questionnaire":[200],"is":[201,283],"distributed":[202],"users":[204],"participating":[205],"experiences.":[209],"survey":[211],"findings":[212],"evaluate":[213],"perceptions,":[215],"satisfaction":[216],"levels,":[217],"effectiveness":[220],"aspects":[223],"improving":[225],"their":[226],"understanding":[227],"connection":[229],"application":[236,248,298,304],"received":[237,249],"score":[239,251,265],"71.77":[241],"(out":[242,254],"100),":[244,256],"MR":[247,297,313,342],"65.94":[253],"being":[258],"very":[259],"close":[260],"average":[263],"SUS":[264],"68.":[267],"Moreover,":[268],"rigour":[272],"our":[274],"evaluation,":[275],"engagement":[278],"short":[280],"form":[281],"(UES-SF)":[282],"also":[284],"incorporated.":[285],"UES":[287],"results":[288],"indicate":[289],"that":[290],"participants":[291],"felt":[292],"more":[293],"immersed":[294],"(4.33)":[299],"compared":[300],"(3.57).":[305],"difference":[307],"may":[308],"be":[309],"attributed":[310],"application's":[314],"ability":[315],"integrate":[317],"interactive":[318],"real-world":[322],"environment,":[323],"enhancing":[324],"sense":[326],"presence":[328],"relevance":[330],"users.":[332],"Both":[333],"applications":[334],"had":[335],"similar":[336],"perceived":[337],"scores,":[339],"app":[343,348],"slightly":[344],"outperformed":[345],"aesthetics":[350],"rewarding":[352],"factors,":[353],"suggesting":[354],"better":[356],"overall":[357],"experience.":[359]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
