{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395056622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2024.3392670","title":"Procedural Level Generation in Educational Games From Natural Language Instruction","display_name":"Procedural Level Generation in Educational Games From Natural Language Instruction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395056622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2024.3392670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tg.2024.3392670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2024.3392670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224842","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","issn_l":"2475-1502","issn":["2475-1502","2475-1510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095877746","display_name":"Vikram Kumaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6257-4732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vikram Kumaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","North Carolina State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102967483","display_name":"Dan Carpenter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-8369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Carpenter","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","North Carolina State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085880418","display_name":"Jonathan Rowe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2038-9239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Rowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","North Carolina State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089705996","display_name":"Bradford Mott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-4699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradford Mott","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","North Carolina State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074470380","display_name":"James C. Lester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-6601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Lester","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","North Carolina State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5095877746"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79730976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"937","last_page":"946"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9308000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9308000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.906499981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.902899980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5119413137435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5088458061218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-game","display_name":"Educational game","score":0.4834226369857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.41348618268966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.281189501285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.239408940076828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.0928695797920227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5119413137435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5088458061218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984404570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140363","display_name":"Educational game","level":2,"score":0.4834226369857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.41348618268966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.281189501285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.239408940076828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0928695797920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tg.2024.3392670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2024.3392670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224842","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","issn_l":"2475-1502","issn":["2475-1502","2475-1510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038650143","https://openalex.org/W2099460238","https://openalex.org/W2103823214","https://openalex.org/W2108806781","https://openalex.org/W2538962136","https://openalex.org/W2565206647","https://openalex.org/W2751532182","https://openalex.org/W2753890442","https://openalex.org/W2766784507","https://openalex.org/W2768014632","https://openalex.org/W2805675893","https://openalex.org/W2902888275","https://openalex.org/W2908261578","https://openalex.org/W2975641859","https://openalex.org/W3034942609","https://openalex.org/W3038591364","https://openalex.org/W3088354784","https://openalex.org/W3160638507","https://openalex.org/W3185341429","https://openalex.org/W4285159471","https://openalex.org/W4288359814","https://openalex.org/W4292952947","https://openalex.org/W4389315174","https://openalex.org/W6732528621","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6798182279","https://openalex.org/W6810738896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,39,85,108,126,163,202],"evolving":[2],"field":[3],"of":[4,41,88,145],"mixed-initiative":[5,53],"game":[6,89,94,141,198],"design,":[7],"where":[8],"procedural":[9,54],"content":[10,27,44],"generation":[11,28,56],"plays":[12],"a":[13,17,49,92,118],"pivotal":[14],"role,":[15],"establishing":[16],"comprehensive":[18],"approach":[19],"that":[20,188],"empowers":[21],"non-technical":[22],"designers":[23,59,102],"to":[24,82,103,138],"actively":[25],"shape":[26],"is":[29,148],"essential.":[30],"Recent":[31],"developments":[32],"in":[33,52,68,84,177],"large":[34,123],"language":[35,63,73,124,194],"models":[36,47],"significantly":[37],"alter":[38],"landscape":[40],"automated":[42],"text-based":[43],"generation.":[45],"These":[46],"offer":[48],"significant":[50],"advantage":[51],"level":[55,76,116],"by":[57,150],"providing":[58],"with":[60,162,172],"intuitive,":[61],"natural":[62,72,193],"interfaces.":[64],"The":[65,143],"framework":[66,127,171,190],"presented":[67],"this":[69],"paper":[70],"interprets":[71],"inputs,":[74],"detailing":[75],"design":[77],"constraints":[78,130],"and":[79,113,131,175],"optimization":[80,132],"goals,":[81],"aid":[83],"cooperative":[86],"development":[87],"levels":[90,147,179],"for":[91,180],"strategy":[93,182],"aimed":[95],"at":[96],"environmental":[97],"sustainability":[98],"education.":[99],"It":[100],"enables":[101],"articulate":[104],"their":[105],"vision":[106],"concerning":[107],"problem":[109],"domain,":[110],"goal":[111],"metrics,":[112],"desired":[114],"difficulty":[115],"through":[117,154],"textual":[119],"description.":[120],"By":[121],"utilizing":[122],"models,":[125],"extracts":[128],"semantic":[129],"objectives,":[133],"which":[134],"are":[135],"then":[136],"used":[137],"generate":[139],"candidate":[140],"levels.":[142],"efficacy":[144],"these":[146],"assessed":[149],"game-playing":[151],"agents":[152],"trained":[153],"advanced":[155],"deep":[156],"reinforcement":[157],"learning":[158],"methods,":[159],"ensuring":[160],"alignment":[161],"designer's":[164],"original":[165],"specifications.":[166],"We":[167],"further":[168],"evaluate":[169],"our":[170,181,189],"both":[173],"experts":[174],"non-experts":[176],"designing":[178],"game.":[183],"Their":[184],"detailed":[185],"responses":[186],"confirm":[187],"effectively":[191],"translates":[192],"descriptions":[195],"into":[196],"playable":[197],"levels,":[199],"accurately":[200],"capturing":[201],"designers'":[203],"intended":[204],"objectives.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}