{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367146923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2023.3270422","title":"Procedural Content Generation via Knowledge Transformation (PCG-KT)","display_name":"Procedural Content Generation via Knowledge Transformation (PCG-KT)","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367146923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2023.3270422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tg.2023.3270422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2023.3270422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224842","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","issn_l":"2475-1502","issn":["2475-1502","2475-1510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.00644","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062779793","display_name":"Anurag Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6680-9983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anurag Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000736647","display_name":"Matthew Guzdial","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8673-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Guzdial","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science, Alberta Machine Learning Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science, Alberta Machine Learning Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013968002","display_name":"Sam Snodgrass","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6554-0808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803050950","display_name":"Danish Ministry of Defence","ror":"https://ror.org/02ncgfj77","country_code":"DK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803050950"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Snodgrass","raw_affiliation_strings":["modl.ai, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"modl.ai, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803050950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075202152","display_name":"Adam Summerville","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1747-0861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98947143","display_name":"California State Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05by5hm18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98947143"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Summerville","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98947143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010246418","display_name":"Tiago Machado","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiago Machado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000073913","display_name":"Gillian Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2765-7702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gillian Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062779793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4064,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84608803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"36","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.6749428510665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.34714215993881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.323214054107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1415783166885376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6749428510665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.34714215993881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.323214054107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1415783166885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tg.2023.3270422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2023.3270422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224842","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","issn_l":"2475-1502","issn":["2475-1502","2475-1510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2305.00644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.00644","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.00644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2305.00644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.00644","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.00644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367146923.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112191815","https://openalex.org/W135283623","https://openalex.org/W1551571670","https://openalex.org/W1555329074","https://openalex.org/W1760293109","https://openalex.org/W1909939164","https://openalex.org/W1968983388","https://openalex.org/W1982500521","https://openalex.org/W1993158562","https://openalex.org/W2027451374","https://openalex.org/W2038918091","https://openalex.org/W2103823214","https://openalex.org/W2113410615","https://openalex.org/W2113726754","https://openalex.org/W2115403315","https://openalex.org/W2143283816","https://openalex.org/W2412515132","https://openalex.org/W2490883651","https://openalex.org/W2546680972","https://openalex.org/W2729456299","https://openalex.org/W2730810975","https://openalex.org/W2735218925","https://openalex.org/W2745086183","https://openalex.org/W2752291636","https://openalex.org/W2753560458","https://openalex.org/W2790791632","https://openalex.org/W2902221828","https://openalex.org/W2902888275","https://openalex.org/W2949869682","https://openalex.org/W2962750014","https://openalex.org/W2963369679","https://openalex.org/W2963690854","https://openalex.org/W2963920537","https://openalex.org/W2976294874","https://openalex.org/W2976714738","https://openalex.org/W2982289592","https://openalex.org/W2982531662","https://openalex.org/W2982700443","https://openalex.org/W3007399319","https://openalex.org/W3020922932","https://openalex.org/W3035191209","https://openalex.org/W3038300925","https://openalex.org/W3041133507","https://openalex.org/W3047290399","https://openalex.org/W3084486398","https://openalex.org/W3088030554","https://openalex.org/W3094223921","https://openalex.org/W3125572598","https://openalex.org/W3131774628","https://openalex.org/W3142822945","https://openalex.org/W3174255807","https://openalex.org/W4205094101","https://openalex.org/W4236250754","https://openalex.org/W4288359814","https://openalex.org/W4306681766","https://openalex.org/W4319988532","https://openalex.org/W6604548840","https://openalex.org/W6628750762","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6676713131","https://openalex.org/W6696872630","https://openalex.org/W6696997655","https://openalex.org/W6721127235","https://openalex.org/W6731965654","https://openalex.org/W6732156205","https://openalex.org/W6732528621","https://openalex.org/W6739416393","https://openalex.org/W6752601656","https://openalex.org/W6754219667","https://openalex.org/W6754645375","https://openalex.org/W6761119246","https://openalex.org/W6774569665","https://openalex.org/W6784080593","https://openalex.org/W6795293013","https://openalex.org/W6849896277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,141],"this":[1,142,149,169,184],"article,":[2,143],"we":[3,144,172],"introduce":[4],"the":[5,33,104],"concept":[6],"of":[7,35,59,106,152],"procedural":[8],"content":[9,28,68,88,105,136],"generation":[10,29],"via":[11,69,121],"knowledge":[12,36,39],"transformation":[13],"(PCG-KT),":[14],"a":[15,56,156],"new":[16,139,150],"lens":[17,151],"and":[18,24,134,158,164,178],"framework":[19,159],"for":[20,77,129,137,160,180],"characterizing":[21],"PCG":[22,61,120],"methods":[23,163],"approaches":[25,112,147],"in":[26,44,49,114,119,183],"which":[27],"is":[30,53],"enabled":[31],"by":[32,55,154,174],"process":[34],"transformation:":[37],"transforming":[38],"derived":[40,71],"from":[41],"one":[42,86],"domain":[43],"order":[45],"to":[46,89,91,102,117],"apply":[47],"it":[48],"another.":[50],"Our":[51],"work":[52],"motivated":[54],"substantial":[57],"number":[58],"recent":[60],"works":[62,74,167],"that":[63],"focus":[64],"on":[65,82,85],"generating":[66,135],"novel":[67],"repurposing":[70],"knowledge.":[72],"Such":[73,111],"have":[75],"involved,":[76],"example,":[78],"performing":[79],"transfer":[80],"learning":[81],"models":[83,128],"trained":[84],"game's":[87,93],"adapt":[90],"another":[92],"content,":[94],"as":[95,97,125],"well":[96],"recombining":[98],"different":[99],"generative":[100,127],"distributions":[101],"blend":[103],"two":[107],"or":[108],"more":[109],"games.":[110,140],"arose":[113],"part":[115],"due":[116],"limitations":[118],"machine":[122],"learning,":[123],"such":[124,146,162],"producing":[126],"games":[130],"lacking":[131],"training":[132],"data":[133],"entirely":[138],"categorize":[145],"under":[148],"PCG-KT":[153],"offering":[155],"definition":[157],"describing":[161],"surveying":[165],"existing":[166],"using":[168],"framework.":[170],"Finally,":[171],"conclude":[173],"highlighting":[175],"open":[176],"problems":[177],"directions":[179],"future":[181],"research":[182],"area.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}