{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210108153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2021.3124340","title":"EEG-Induced Autonomous Game-Teaching to a Robot Arm by Human Trainers Using Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"EEG-Induced Autonomous Game-Teaching to a Robot Arm by Human Trainers Using Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210108153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2021.3124340","mag":"3210108153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tg.2021.3124340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2021.3124340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224842","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","issn_l":"2475-1502","issn":["2475-1502","2475-1510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020358286","display_name":"Reshma Kar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8213-8369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Reshma Kar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Lab Department of Electronics and Tele-Communication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Lab Department of Electronics and Tele-Communication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048520385","display_name":"Lidia Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5146-955X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lidia Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Lab Department of Electronics and Tele-Communication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Lab Department of Electronics and Tele-Communication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011939964","display_name":"Amit Konar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9474-5956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Konar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Lab Department of Electronics and Tele-Communication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Lab Department of Electronics and Tele-Communication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113851049","display_name":"Aruna Chakraborty","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aruna Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coordinator Basic Science and Humanities, St. Thomas' College of Engineering and Technology, Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coordinator Basic Science and Humanities, St. Thomas' College of Engineering and Technology, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081696143","display_name":"Atulya K. Nagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5549-6435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44852757","display_name":"Liverpool Hope University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ctjbj91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44852757"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atulya K. Nagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics Computer Science and Engineering, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics Computer Science and Engineering, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44852757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020358286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1871,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76951101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"610","last_page":"622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.699193000793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6529300212860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.580376386642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4790807366371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.39108794927597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35811012983322144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.699193000793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6529300212860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.580376386642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4790807366371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.39108794927597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35811012983322144}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tg.2021.3124340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2021.3124340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224842","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","issn_l":"2475-1502","issn":["2475-1502","2475-1510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hira.hope.ac.uk:3434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402035","display_name":"Hope's Institutional Research Archive (Liverpool Hope University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I44852757","host_organization_name":"Liverpool Hope University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44852757"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179179905","https://openalex.org/W232876404","https://openalex.org/W1537482913","https://openalex.org/W1538558539","https://openalex.org/W1909221876","https://openalex.org/W1980553000","https://openalex.org/W2007246076","https://openalex.org/W2010625877","https://openalex.org/W2011098175","https://openalex.org/W2050524266","https://openalex.org/W2059915684","https://openalex.org/W2065045219","https://openalex.org/W2074591889","https://openalex.org/W2077189121","https://openalex.org/W2086169854","https://openalex.org/W2089282851","https://openalex.org/W2093103229","https://openalex.org/W2110388998","https://openalex.org/W2111692383","https://openalex.org/W2122515425","https://openalex.org/W2132913579","https://openalex.org/W2137935458","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2152693668","https://openalex.org/W2154716307","https://openalex.org/W2154848553","https://openalex.org/W2169795352","https://openalex.org/W2171378394","https://openalex.org/W2171931442","https://openalex.org/W2294648762","https://openalex.org/W2313218010","https://openalex.org/W2434214239","https://openalex.org/W2475767983","https://openalex.org/W2478618549","https://openalex.org/W2491120251","https://openalex.org/W2740912559","https://openalex.org/W2755571330","https://openalex.org/W2761873684","https://openalex.org/W2766672259","https://openalex.org/W2768027701","https://openalex.org/W2888333516","https://openalex.org/W2897007254","https://openalex.org/W2915137056","https://openalex.org/W4249379860","https://openalex.org/W4251892940","https://openalex.org/W6607259140","https://openalex.org/W6609126827","https://openalex.org/W6640142356","https://openalex.org/W6652375580","https://openalex.org/W6682295865","https://openalex.org/W6738852829","https://openalex.org/W6754303486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W3049728571","https://openalex.org/W20361778","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W2964765435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thisarticle":[0],"deals":[1],"with":[2,77,266],"a":[3,13,16,20,40,110,120,126,151,192,198,242,297],"simple":[4],"indoor":[5],"game,":[6],"where":[7,233],"the":[8,27,32,51,56,60,71,80,85,96,100,103,107,132,138,142,148,162,165,169,195,202,208,211,222,225,227,234,238,246,257,260,263,274,278,282,292,304],"player":[9,38,61,101,139,170],"has":[10],"to":[11,30,46,79,118,141,160,215,237,259],"pass":[12],"ball":[14,108,149],"through":[15,150],"ring":[17,72,293],"fixed":[18],"on":[19,131],"variable":[21],"pan-tilt":[22,68],"platform.":[23],"The":[24,53,82,252],"motivation":[25],"of":[26,35,59,70,84,99,106,125,137,168,174,189,217,224,277,300],"research":[28],"is":[29,115,158,229,248,286,294],"learn":[31],"gaming":[33,57,166],"actions":[34,58,83],"an":[36],"experienced":[37,86],"by":[39,50,67,90,171,183],"robot":[41,54,253,279],"arm":[42,98,280],"for":[43,231,250],"subsequent":[44],"training":[45],"younger":[47],"children":[48,261],"(trainee)":[49],"robot.":[52,305],"learns":[55],"at":[62,241,296],"different":[63],"game":[64,219,258],"states,":[65],"determined":[66],"orientations":[69],"and":[73,102,205],"its":[74],"radial":[75],"distance":[76,299],"respect":[78],"player.":[81],"player/expert":[87],"are":[88],"defined":[89],"six":[91],"parameters:":[92],"three":[93],"junction-coordinates":[94],"in":[95,109,146,164,201,210,245,281],"right":[97],"three-dimensional":[104],"speed":[105],"given":[111,152,243],"throw.":[112],"Reinforcement":[113],"learning":[114,128,212,264],"employed":[116],"here":[117],"adapt":[119],"state-action":[121],"probability":[122,240,268],"matrix":[123],"(SAPM)":[124],"probabilistic":[127],"automaton":[129,247,265],"based":[130],"reward":[133],"(or":[134,144],"penalty)":[135],"scores":[136],"due":[140],"success":[143,199,275],"failure)":[145],"passing":[147],"ring.":[153],"A":[154],"hybrid":[155],"brain-computer":[156],"interface":[157],"used":[159,230],"detect":[161],"failures":[163],"action":[167,235],"natural":[172],"arousal":[173],"error-related":[175],"potential":[176],"(ErrP)":[177],"signal":[178],"following":[179],"motor":[180,184,193,283],"execution,":[181],"indicated":[182],"imageries.":[185],"In":[186],"absence":[187],"(presence)":[188],"ErrP":[190],"after":[191],"imagination,":[194],"system":[196],"considers":[197],"(failure)":[200],"player's":[203],"trials,":[204],"thus":[206],"adapts":[207],"probabilities":[209],"automata":[213],"according":[214],"success/failure":[216],"individual":[218],"instances.":[220],"After":[221],"convergence":[223],"SAPM,":[226],"same":[228],"planning,":[232],"corresponding":[236],"highest":[239],"state":[244],"selected":[249],"execution.":[251],"can":[254],"autonomously":[255],"train":[256],"using":[262],"converged":[267],"scores.":[269],"Experiments":[270],"undertaken":[271],"confirm":[272],"that":[273],"rate":[276],"execution":[284],"phase":[285],"very":[287],"high":[288],"(above":[289],"90%)":[290],"when":[291],"placed":[295],"moderate":[298],"4":[301],"feet":[302],"from":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
