{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903070673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2018.2883661","title":"Toward Personalized Adaptive Gamification: A Machine Learning Model for Predicting Performance","display_name":"Toward Personalized Adaptive Gamification: A Machine Learning Model for Predicting Performance","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903070673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2018.2883661","mag":"2903070673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tg.2018.2883661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2018.2883661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224842","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","issn_l":"2475-1502","issn":["2475-1502","2475-1510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061664860","display_name":"Christian L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2801-4618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2801-4618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018232256","display_name":"Conrad S. Tucker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-0240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conrad Tucker","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Design, Technology and Professional Programs, and the Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-0240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Design, Technology and Professional Programs, and the Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1971,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9555472,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"155","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13353","display_name":"Flow Experience in Various Fields","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13219","display_name":"Mind wandering and attention","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7747783064842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7466365098953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6103981137275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5686848163604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5426457524299622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5179335474967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08197632431983948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7747783064842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7466365098953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6103981137275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5686848163604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5426457524299622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5179335474967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08197632431983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tg.2018.2883661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2018.2883661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224842","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","issn_l":"2475-1502","issn":["2475-1502","2475-1510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1949491029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1527148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332169","funder_display_name":"Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2679071079","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1624727","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337396","funder_display_name":"Division of Industrial Innovation and Partnerships"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332169","display_name":"Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/025kzpk63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337396","display_name":"Division of Industrial Innovation and Partnerships","ror":"https://ror.org/03xyg3m20"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196150076","https://openalex.org/W757778631","https://openalex.org/W1166996211","https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W1849401977","https://openalex.org/W1873332500","https://openalex.org/W1968464183","https://openalex.org/W1971777029","https://openalex.org/W1973400520","https://openalex.org/W1976496764","https://openalex.org/W1985867508","https://openalex.org/W1987523869","https://openalex.org/W2011974988","https://openalex.org/W2023718959","https://openalex.org/W2037621702","https://openalex.org/W2043011534","https://openalex.org/W2049638304","https://openalex.org/W2055669065","https://openalex.org/W2067904803","https://openalex.org/W2081428746","https://openalex.org/W2085267184","https://openalex.org/W2096459062","https://openalex.org/W2109168899","https://openalex.org/W2117645142","https://openalex.org/W2123865370","https://openalex.org/W2125266638","https://openalex.org/W2126707560","https://openalex.org/W2137781744","https://openalex.org/W2141084584","https://openalex.org/W2143579043","https://openalex.org/W2154036070","https://openalex.org/W2158515176","https://openalex.org/W2159717974","https://openalex.org/W2163671549","https://openalex.org/W2169740139","https://openalex.org/W2171190321","https://openalex.org/W2171626430","https://openalex.org/W2179427518","https://openalex.org/W2183045017","https://openalex.org/W2187022131","https://openalex.org/W2224682476","https://openalex.org/W2273771970","https://openalex.org/W2290495665","https://openalex.org/W2317545003","https://openalex.org/W2324928998","https://openalex.org/W2395639500","https://openalex.org/W2396704975","https://openalex.org/W2400083463","https://openalex.org/W2518281818","https://openalex.org/W2540212776","https://openalex.org/W2558740022","https://openalex.org/W2560150772","https://openalex.org/W2560241124","https://openalex.org/W2578797046","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2583074222","https://openalex.org/W2588576010","https://openalex.org/W2602800376","https://openalex.org/W2615396414","https://openalex.org/W2736906791","https://openalex.org/W2752423516","https://openalex.org/W2761187041","https://openalex.org/W2765676843","https://openalex.org/W2775197016","https://openalex.org/W2801146918","https://openalex.org/W2801613815","https://openalex.org/W2891325162","https://openalex.org/W2951625783","https://openalex.org/W2964045283","https://openalex.org/W4232692970","https://openalex.org/W4239127880","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6608034753","https://openalex.org/W6637386731","https://openalex.org/W6639175750","https://openalex.org/W6680467186","https://openalex.org/W6686886873","https://openalex.org/W6688920267","https://openalex.org/W6712820944","https://openalex.org/W6744082902","https://openalex.org/W6746975316","https://openalex.org/W6750615408","https://openalex.org/W6750884227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Personalized":[0],"adaptive":[1,183],"gamification":[2],"has":[3,52],"the":[4,17,45,58,108,127,147,152,158,164,180],"potential":[5],"to":[6,15,28,43,63,94,106,125,162],"improve":[7,29,126],"individuals'":[8,197],"motivation":[9,31],"and":[10,32,71,88,131,149,192,196],"performance.":[11],"Current":[12],"methods":[13,40],"aim":[14],"predict":[16,44,95,163],"perceived":[18],"affective":[19,59],"state":[20,46,60],"(i.e.,":[21],"emotion)":[22],"of":[23,47,151,166,175,182],"an":[24,36,48,89,118,173],"individual":[25,49,119],"in":[26,135],"order":[27],"their":[30,188],"performance":[33,65,97,150,165],"by":[34],"tailoring":[35],"application.":[37],"However,":[38],"existing":[39],"may":[41,66],"struggle":[42],"that":[50,61,84,145,157,185],"it":[51],"not":[53],"been":[54],"trained":[55],"for.":[56],"Moreover,":[57],"correlates":[62],"good":[64],"vary":[67],"based":[68],"on":[69,98],"individuals":[70],"task":[72,86,194],"characteristics.":[73],"Given":[74],"these":[75],"limitations,":[76],"this":[77],"paper":[78],"presents":[79],"a":[80,99,170],"machine":[81],"learning":[82],"method":[83],"uses":[85],"information":[87,195],"individual's":[90],"facial":[91,136,198],"expression":[92,199],"data":[93,104,116,190],"his/her":[96],"gamified":[100],"task.":[101],"The":[102,154,177],"training":[103,189],"used":[105],"generate":[107],"adaptive-individual-task":[109],"model":[110,159],"is":[111,120,143,160],"updated":[112],"every":[113],"time":[114],"new":[115],"from":[117],"acquired.":[121],"This":[122],"approach":[123],"helps":[124],"model's":[128],"prediction":[129],"accuracy":[130,174],"account":[132],"for":[133],"variations":[134],"expressions":[137],"across":[138],"individuals.":[139],"A":[140],"case":[141],"study":[142],"presented":[144],"demonstrates":[146],"feasibility":[148],"model.":[153],"results":[155],"indicate":[156],"able":[161],"individuals,":[167],"before":[168],"completing":[169],"task,":[171],"with":[172],"0.768.":[176],"findings":[178],"support":[179],"use":[181],"models":[184],"dynamically":[186],"update":[187],"set":[191],"consider":[193],"data.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
