{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2775432047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2017.2782846","title":"Building a Planner: A Survey of Planning Systems Used in Commercial Video Games","display_name":"Building a Planner: A Survey of Planning Systems Used in Commercial Video Games","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2775432047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2017.2782846","mag":"2775432047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tg.2017.2782846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2017.2782846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224842","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","issn_l":"2475-1502","issn":["2475-1502","2475-1510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042037397","display_name":"Xenija Neufeld","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xenija Neufeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064569017","display_name":"Sanaz Mostaghim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-5227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanaz Mostaghim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033881650","display_name":"Dario L. Sancho-Pradel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario L. Sancho-Pradel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ubisoft-Reflections, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ubisoft-Reflections, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063112494","display_name":"Sandy Brand","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandy Brand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crytek GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crytek GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5981,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7745838,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"91","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planner","display_name":"Planner","score":0.9305751919746399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.7878652215003967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.743777871131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6390730738639832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6127784252166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.606859564781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5928309559822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4276595413684845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.3763813376426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.35658755898475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.34828507900238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32606351375579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.19310355186462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19132736325263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1189093291759491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349274","display_name":"Planner","level":2,"score":0.9305751919746399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7878652215003967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.743777871131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6390730738639832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6127784252166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.606859564781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5928309559822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4276595413684845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3763813376426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.35658755898475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.34828507900238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32606351375579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.19310355186462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19132736325263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1189093291759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tg.2017.2782846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tg.2017.2782846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224842","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","issn_l":"2475-1502","issn":["2475-1502","2475-1510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Games","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70710081","https://openalex.org/W115079321","https://openalex.org/W125541279","https://openalex.org/W177212757","https://openalex.org/W179549969","https://openalex.org/W188922443","https://openalex.org/W1475741780","https://openalex.org/W1509999309","https://openalex.org/W1554618854","https://openalex.org/W1587479942","https://openalex.org/W1598960279","https://openalex.org/W1605439581","https://openalex.org/W1996913161","https://openalex.org/W1997188340","https://openalex.org/W2104802111","https://openalex.org/W2112438132","https://openalex.org/W2113547509","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2152238504","https://openalex.org/W2153432872","https://openalex.org/W2157446055","https://openalex.org/W2222467546","https://openalex.org/W2228235526","https://openalex.org/W2245279017","https://openalex.org/W2337392266","https://openalex.org/W2408542687","https://openalex.org/W2505308623","https://openalex.org/W2568663514","https://openalex.org/W2606395562","https://openalex.org/W2979461259","https://openalex.org/W3098029877","https://openalex.org/W3100516791","https://openalex.org/W3126144528","https://openalex.org/W4250283840","https://openalex.org/W6602828874","https://openalex.org/W6604693049","https://openalex.org/W6607197517","https://openalex.org/W6607394301","https://openalex.org/W6630573394","https://openalex.org/W6635163224","https://openalex.org/W6636121117","https://openalex.org/W6675375158","https://openalex.org/W6682434528","https://openalex.org/W6682727725","https://openalex.org/W6688798547","https://openalex.org/W6690882325","https://openalex.org/W6785737802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1729229276","https://openalex.org/W2149518455","https://openalex.org/W4283802406","https://openalex.org/W2727303758","https://openalex.org/W53358890","https://openalex.org/W4287164292","https://openalex.org/W1513995023","https://openalex.org/W1563684430","https://openalex.org/W3165194156","https://openalex.org/W1589273879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,77,89,102,118,167],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"many":[4],"commercial":[5,137,170],"video":[6,58],"games":[7,59],"have":[8,82],"used":[9],"planners":[10,75],"instead":[11],"of":[12,35,41,45,71,74,92,104,143,169],"classical":[13],"behavior":[14],"trees":[15],"or":[16],"finite":[17],"state":[18],"machines":[19],"to":[20,67,98],"define":[21],"agent":[22],"behaviors.":[23],"Planners":[24],"allow":[25,43],"looking":[26],"ahead":[27],"in":[28,117,166],"time":[29],"and":[30,76,95,108,129,147,157],"can":[31],"prevent":[32],"some":[33,40,159],"problems":[34,78,113,146],"purely":[36],"reactive":[37],"systems.":[38],"Furthermore,":[39],"them":[42],"coordination":[44],"multiple":[46,136],"agents.":[47],"However,":[48],"implementing":[49,105],"a":[50,61,106,163],"planner":[51,107],"for":[52,112],"highly":[53],"dynamic":[54],"environments":[55],"such":[56,145],"as":[57],"is":[60],"difficult":[62],"task.":[63],"This":[64],"paper":[65],"aims":[66],"provide":[68],"an":[69],"overview":[70],"different":[72,141],"elements":[73],"that":[79,114],"developers":[80,100],"might":[81],"when":[83],"dealing":[84],"with":[85],"them.":[86],"We":[87],"identify":[88],"major":[90],"areas":[91],"plan":[93,127,130],"creation":[94],"execution,":[96],"trying":[97],"guide":[99],"through":[101],"process":[103],"discuss":[109,148],"possible":[110],"solutions":[111,150],"may":[115],"arise":[116],"following":[119],"areas:":[120],"environment,":[121],"planning":[122],"domain,":[123],"goals,":[124],"agents,":[125],"actions,":[126],"creation,":[128],"execution":[131],"processes.":[132],"Giving":[133],"insights":[134],"into":[135],"games,":[138],"we":[139],"show":[140],"possibilities":[142],"solving":[144],"which":[149],"are":[151],"better":[152],"suited":[153],"under":[154],"specific":[155],"circumstances,":[156],"why":[158],"academic":[160],"approaches":[161],"find":[162],"limited":[164],"application":[165],"context":[168],"titles.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
