{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399110676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2024.3406001","title":"MFVAE: A Multiscale Fuzzy Variational Autoencoder for Big Data-Based Fault Diagnosis in Gearbox","display_name":"MFVAE: A Multiscale Fuzzy Variational Autoencoder for Big Data-Based Fault Diagnosis in Gearbox","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399110676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2024.3406001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tfuzz.2024.3406001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2024.3406001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134177497","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1063-6706","issn":["1063-6706","1941-0034"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101408015","display_name":"Hexuan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-8336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155611","display_name":"Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04e698d63","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He-xuan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-8336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411","https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yicheng Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6366-3744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155611","display_name":"Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04e698d63","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yicheng Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6366-3744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411","https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113231774","display_name":"Qing Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155611","display_name":"Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04e698d63","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-5736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411","https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Han Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-4535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155611","display_name":"Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04e698d63","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-4535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411","https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qiang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-0740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155611","display_name":"Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04e698d63","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-0740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411","https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449277","display_name":"Ye Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6093-4348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155611","display_name":"Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04e698d63","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6093-4348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411","https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65528817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"180","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.9485999941825867,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.793115496635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6215377449989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.569200336933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5600543022155762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5479299426078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5351852774620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4923766851425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44359123706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40893471240997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.21437114477157593}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.793115496635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6215377449989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.569200336933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5600543022155762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5479299426078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5351852774620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4923766851425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44359123706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40893471240997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.21437114477157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tfuzz.2024.3406001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2024.3406001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134177497","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1063-6706","issn":["1063-6706","1941-0034"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1445885361","https://openalex.org/W1984894862","https://openalex.org/W1988111648","https://openalex.org/W2049550263","https://openalex.org/W2076653099","https://openalex.org/W2149914169","https://openalex.org/W2287029277","https://openalex.org/W2330785119","https://openalex.org/W2333660082","https://openalex.org/W2417420127","https://openalex.org/W2517756674","https://openalex.org/W2619304139","https://openalex.org/W2620691296","https://openalex.org/W2735326783","https://openalex.org/W2799162308","https://openalex.org/W2803525490","https://openalex.org/W2883992275","https://openalex.org/W2884689635","https://openalex.org/W2919710279","https://openalex.org/W2944474187","https://openalex.org/W2964152520","https://openalex.org/W2970279584","https://openalex.org/W3002188287","https://openalex.org/W3010091348","https://openalex.org/W3021933602","https://openalex.org/W3035725276","https://openalex.org/W3049404358","https://openalex.org/W3113432356","https://openalex.org/W3122032019","https://openalex.org/W3134057604","https://openalex.org/W3169477952","https://openalex.org/W3176041833","https://openalex.org/W3197120949","https://openalex.org/W4306359307","https://openalex.org/W4308649641","https://openalex.org/W4316369370","https://openalex.org/W4385490607","https://openalex.org/W6637949551","https://openalex.org/W6671204508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W2752972570","https://openalex.org/W2145836866","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W2909431601"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gearboxes":[0],"are":[1,112,124,235],"widely":[2],"used":[3,52,106,121,236],"in":[4,20,28,75,148,171,226],"various":[5,18],"types":[6],"of":[7,16,56,66,101,201,209,257,284],"mechanical":[8,35],"equipment":[9,36],"and":[10,23,43,90,139,184,222,268],"have":[11,87],"become":[12],"an":[13],"essential":[14],"part":[15],"connecting":[17],"components":[19],"the":[21,29,33,53,57,72,76,80,98,117,136,145,149,206,210,215,230,242,246,250,255,258,276,281,285],"machine":[22],"transmitting":[24],"power.":[25],"A":[26],"fault":[27,47,103,118,169,190,256],"gearbox":[30,51,58,108,123,211,239,278],"will":[31],"cause":[32],"entire":[34],"to":[37,70,143,204,228,237,253],"stop":[38],"working,":[39],"causing":[40],"economic":[41],"losses":[42],"safety":[44],"hazards.":[45],"Previous":[46],"diagnosis":[48,104,119,170,191],"models":[49,86,105,120],"for":[50,107,122,166,189],"vibration":[54,77,150,180,212],"signals":[55,181],"as":[59],"input":[60],"features.":[61],"They":[62],"designed":[63],"a":[64,155,162,264,269],"variety":[65],"feature":[67],"extraction":[68],"modules":[69],"learn":[71],"information":[73,134,147],"contained":[74],"signals.":[78,151],"However,":[79],"latent":[81,207,220,224],"features":[82,111,208,221,225,248],"learned":[83],"by":[84],"previous":[85,102],"poor":[88],"interpretability":[89],"robustness,":[91],"thus":[92],"affecting":[93],"model":[94,195,217,244],"performance.":[95],"In":[96],"addition,":[97],"prediction":[99,251,261],"results":[100,274],"using":[109,161],"single-scale":[110],"often":[113],"less":[114],"robust.":[115],"Moreover,":[116],"usually":[125],"end-to-end":[126],"black":[127],"box":[128],"models,":[129],"which":[130,234],"cannot":[131],"provide":[132,185],"interpretive":[133],"about":[135],"predicted":[137],"values,":[138],"it":[140],"is":[141],"difficult":[142],"handle":[144],"uncertain":[146],"Therefore,":[152],"we":[153],"propose":[154],"multi-scale":[156],"fuzzy":[157,163,270],"variational":[158,199],"autoencoder":[159],"(MFVAE)":[160],"neural":[164,271],"network":[165,267],"Big":[167,174],"Data-based":[168],"gearbox.":[172,259],"The":[173,193,260],"Data":[175],"technology":[176],"can":[177],"automatically":[178],"collect":[179],"from":[182],"sensors":[183],"high-quality":[186],"training":[187],"samples":[188],"models.":[192],"MFVAE":[194,216,243,286],"first":[196],"uses":[197],"two":[198],"autoencoders":[200],"different":[202],"sizes":[203],"extract":[205],"signal.":[213],"Subsequently,":[214],"fuses":[218],"low-level":[219],"high-level":[223],"proportion":[227],"form":[229],"final":[231],"head":[232,247],"features,":[233],"diagnose":[238,254],"faults.":[240],"Finally,":[241],"inputs":[245],"into":[249],"layer":[252,262],"comprises":[263],"fully":[265],"connected":[266],"network.":[272],"Experimental":[273],"on":[275],"real":[277],"dataset":[279],"verify":[280],"outstanding":[282],"performance":[283],"model.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}