{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210931967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2022.3148865","title":"Optimized Backstepping Control Using Reinforcement Learning of Observer-Critic-Actor Architecture Based on Fuzzy System for a Class of Nonlinear Strict-Feedback Systems","display_name":"Optimized Backstepping Control Using Reinforcement Learning of Observer-Critic-Actor Architecture Based on Fuzzy System for a Class of Nonlinear Strict-Feedback Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210931967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2022.3148865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tfuzz.2022.3148865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2022.3148865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134177497","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1063-6706","issn":["1063-6706","1941-0034"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063205336","display_name":"Guoxing Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151013683","display_name":"Binzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05frpfj73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151013683"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoxing Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China","School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-5989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151013683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100744772","display_name":"Bin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-0938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-0938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029380465","display_name":"Ben Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-5594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-5594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.3537,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98845769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"10","first_page":"4322","last_page":"4335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12047","display_name":"Viral Infections and Vectors","score":0.9578999876976013,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backstepping","display_name":"Backstepping","score":0.8660849928855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamilton\u2013jacobi\u2013bellman-equation","display_name":"Hamilton\u2013Jacobi\u2013Bellman equation","score":0.7263438701629639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7043641209602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.6737417578697205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6485658884048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5692484974861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5593829154968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.525990903377533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-control-system","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","score":0.44965648651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-observer","display_name":"State observer","score":0.4366551339626312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41618409752845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3602885603904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.35828903317451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2330632507801056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22186610102653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.2185908555984497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72218879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4839759","display_name":"Backstepping","level":4,"score":0.8660849928855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196978813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3302775","display_name":"Hamilton\u2013Jacobi\u2013Bellman equation","level":3,"score":0.7263438701629639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7043641209602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6737417578697205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6485658884048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5692484974861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5593829154968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.525990903377533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.44965648651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3031470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818544","display_name":"State observer","level":3,"score":0.4366551339626312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41618409752845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3602885603904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.35828903317451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2330632507801056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22186610102653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.2185908555984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tfuzz.2022.3148865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2022.3148865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134177497","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1063-6706","issn":["1063-6706","1941-0034"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2766372719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020MF097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5816532407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6390619641","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61973185","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8866375341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62073045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1223467140","https://openalex.org/W1587799944","https://openalex.org/W1863485266","https://openalex.org/W1977237536","https://openalex.org/W1983523797","https://openalex.org/W1996340840","https://openalex.org/W2012014293","https://openalex.org/W2035003264","https://openalex.org/W2082856443","https://openalex.org/W2085194340","https://openalex.org/W2101036899","https://openalex.org/W2104843094","https://openalex.org/W2108286682","https://openalex.org/W2122836694","https://openalex.org/W2132300288","https://openalex.org/W2136272235","https://openalex.org/W2152161277","https://openalex.org/W2154868061","https://openalex.org/W2628980614","https://openalex.org/W2780814805","https://openalex.org/W2811002385","https://openalex.org/W2887519063","https://openalex.org/W2912259603","https://openalex.org/W2946973591","https://openalex.org/W3010946901","https://openalex.org/W3018371406","https://openalex.org/W3041284915","https://openalex.org/W3095139201","https://openalex.org/W3124444594","https://openalex.org/W3155499393","https://openalex.org/W3160458447","https://openalex.org/W3174508330","https://openalex.org/W3213472335","https://openalex.org/W6804409665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112014346","https://openalex.org/W4251016492","https://openalex.org/W2174882787","https://openalex.org/W2028614848","https://openalex.org/W2126977748","https://openalex.org/W2394201814","https://openalex.org/W2544838361","https://openalex.org/W2315418312","https://openalex.org/W4226145367","https://openalex.org/W2501264310"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,83],"this":[1,166],"article,":[2],"a":[3,21,142],"fuzzy":[4],"logic":[5],"system":[6],"(FLS)-based":[7],"adaptive":[8],"optimized":[9,39,86,167],"backstepping":[10,57],"control":[11,76,80],"is":[12,53,109,123,147,186],"developed":[13],"by":[14],"employing":[15],"reinforcement":[16],"learning":[17],"(RL)":[18],"strategy":[19],"for":[20],"class":[22],"of":[23,41,46,141,153,158,161,181],"nonlinear":[24],"strict":[25],"feedback":[26],"systems":[27],"with":[28],"unmeasured":[29],"states.":[30],"For":[31],"making":[32,103],"the":[33,42,60,65,69,84,89,92,100,113,118,121,129,138,150,159,189],"virtual":[34],"and":[35,68,71,78,131,174,183],"actual":[36],"controls":[37],"are":[38,135],"solution":[40],"corresponding":[43],"subsystem,":[44],"RL":[45,122],"observer-critic-actor":[47],"architecture":[48],"based":[49],"on":[50,88,117],"FLS":[51],"approximations":[52],"constructed":[54],"in":[55,112,126],"every":[56],"step,":[58],"where":[59],"observer":[61,94,115],"aims":[62],"to":[63,74,98],"estimate":[64],"unmeasurable":[66],"states,":[67],"critic":[70,130],"actor":[72,132],"aim":[73],"evaluate":[75],"performance":[77],"perform":[79],"behavior,":[81],"respectively.":[82],"proposed":[85],"control,":[87],"one":[90],"hand,":[91,120],"state":[93],"method":[95],"can":[96,169,192],"avoid":[97],"require":[99],"design":[101],"constants":[102],"its":[104],"characteristic":[105],"polynomial":[106],"Hurwitz,":[107],"which":[108,146],"universally":[110],"demanded":[111],"existing":[114],"methods;":[116],"other":[119],"significantly":[124],"simple":[125,143],"algorithm,":[127],"because":[128],"training":[133],"laws":[134],"derived":[136],"from":[137,149,178],"negative":[139],"gradient":[140],"positive":[144],"function,":[145],"produced":[148],"partial":[151],"derivative":[152],"Hamilton\u2013Jacobi\u2013Bellman":[154],"(HJB)":[155],"equation,":[156],"instead":[157],"square":[160],"approximated":[162],"HJB":[163],"equation.":[164],"Therefore":[165],"scheme":[168],"be":[170,193],"more":[171],"easily":[172],"applied":[173],"widely":[175],"extended.":[176],"Finally,":[177],"two":[179],"aspects":[180],"theory":[182],"simulation,":[184],"it":[185],"demonstrated":[187],"that":[188],"desired":[190],"objective":[191],"fulfilled.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
