{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2787580321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2018.2805289","title":"Adaptive Type-2 Fuzzy Approach for Filtering Salt and Pepper Noise in Grayscale Images","display_name":"Adaptive Type-2 Fuzzy Approach for Filtering Salt and Pepper Noise in Grayscale Images","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2787580321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2018.2805289","mag":"2787580321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tfuzz.2018.2805289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2018.2805289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134177497","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1063-6706","issn":["1063-6706","1941-0034"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778999","display_name":"Vikas Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-6939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikas Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-6939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066582258","display_name":"Raghav Dev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-2396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghav Dev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-2396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042668673","display_name":"Narendra Kumar Dhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5343-5812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narendra K. Dhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5343-5812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044732554","display_name":"Pooja Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-8118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooja Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-8118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014147535","display_name":"Nishchal K. Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8752-5616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nishchal K. Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8752-5616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6588,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97554773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"5","first_page":"3170","last_page":"3176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-and-pepper-noise","display_name":"Salt-and-pepper noise","score":0.8072906732559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6788373589515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6121955513954163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5654526948928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.5610949993133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-filter","display_name":"Median filter","score":0.548603355884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5400868058204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5382691621780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5337539315223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.5299371480941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5198003053665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-filter","display_name":"Adaptive filter","score":0.48491770029067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4396270513534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membership-function","display_name":"Membership function","score":0.4316520392894745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.41958922147750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.41880160570144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41105639934539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2768760919570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.24105939269065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.22692179679870605}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113660513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849379","display_name":"Salt-and-pepper noise","level":5,"score":0.8072906732559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6788373589515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6121955513954163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5654526948928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.5610949993133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55352655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304247","display_name":"Median filter","level":4,"score":0.548603355884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5400868058204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5382691621780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5337539315223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.5299371480941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5198003053665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.48491770029067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4396270513534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5263885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967302","display_name":"Membership function","level":4,"score":0.4316520392894745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.41958922147750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.41880160570144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41105639934539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2768760919570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.24105939269065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22692179679870605}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tfuzz.2018.2805289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2018.2805289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134177497","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1063-6706","issn":["1063-6706","1941-0034"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59110464","https://openalex.org/W151639760","https://openalex.org/W1586613808","https://openalex.org/W1970236216","https://openalex.org/W1987188502","https://openalex.org/W1992824804","https://openalex.org/W2007406620","https://openalex.org/W2012313698","https://openalex.org/W2026829949","https://openalex.org/W2030244899","https://openalex.org/W2044865345","https://openalex.org/W2052107321","https://openalex.org/W2058045530","https://openalex.org/W2071327126","https://openalex.org/W2098615715","https://openalex.org/W2109764687","https://openalex.org/W2122374500","https://openalex.org/W2126930230","https://openalex.org/W2134491294","https://openalex.org/W2136584541","https://openalex.org/W2142781271","https://openalex.org/W2149879711","https://openalex.org/W2151003347","https://openalex.org/W2157041604","https://openalex.org/W2158543989","https://openalex.org/W2166623127","https://openalex.org/W4231627457","https://openalex.org/W4234691716","https://openalex.org/W4245152641","https://openalex.org/W6635162148","https://openalex.org/W6676269670","https://openalex.org/W6683572509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364780020","https://openalex.org/W2364070087","https://openalex.org/W2351699817","https://openalex.org/W2380577081","https://openalex.org/W2073083461","https://openalex.org/W2053397997","https://openalex.org/W3009218516","https://openalex.org/W2959213545","https://openalex.org/W1969928481","https://openalex.org/W2565116285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,115,122],"novel":[4,116],"adaptive":[5],"Type-2":[6,92],"fuzzy":[7,93,118],"filter":[8,19,48,135,161],"for":[9,58,138],"removing":[10],"salt":[11],"and":[12,75,78,84],"pepper":[13],"noise":[14,21,144],"from":[15],"the":[16,26,29,46,91,103,106,131,143,159],"images.":[17],"The":[18,87,133,155],"removes":[20],"in":[22,45,102,130,164],"two":[23,53],"steps.":[24],"In":[25,50],"first":[27],"step,":[28,105],"pixels":[30,65,107,127],"are":[31,111],"categorized":[32,108],"as":[33,97,109,146,148,151,153],"good":[34,62,126],"or":[35,63],"bad":[36,64,110],"based":[37,120],"on":[38,121],"their":[39],"primary":[40,68,88],"membership":[41,99],"function":[42],"(MF)":[43],"values":[44,169],"respective":[47],"window.":[49],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"approaches":[54],"have":[55],"been":[56],"proposed":[57,134,160],"finding":[59],"threshold":[60],"between":[61],"by":[66],"designing":[67],"MFs.":[69],"a)":[70],"MFs":[71,80,89],"with":[72,81,142],"distinct":[73,82,85],"Means":[74,83],"same":[76],"Variance":[77],"b)":[79],"Variances.":[86],"of":[90,125,166],"set":[94],"is":[95,128,136],"chosen":[96],"Gaussian":[98],"functions.":[100],"Whereas,":[101],"second":[104],"denoised.":[112],"For":[113],"denoising,":[114],"Type-1":[117],"approach":[119],"weighted":[123],"mean":[124],"presented":[129],"paper.":[132],"validated":[137],"several":[139],"standard":[140],"images":[141],"level":[145],"low":[147],"20%":[149],"to":[150,171],"high":[152],"99%.":[154],"results":[156],"show":[157],"that":[158],"performs":[162],"better":[163],"terms":[165],"peak":[167],"signal-noise-ratio":[168],"compared":[170],"other":[172],"state-of-the-art":[173],"algorithms.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}