{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313413235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2022.3233409","title":"Bilevel Optimization via Collaborations Among Lower-Level Optimization Tasks","display_name":"Bilevel Optimization via Collaborations Among Lower-Level Optimization Tasks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313413235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2022.3233409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2022.3233409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2022.3233409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042888574","display_name":"Pei-Qiu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6278-4566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Qiu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6278-4566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000546219","display_name":"Qingfu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-0671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424366","display_name":"Yong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-3958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-3958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92087789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"6","first_page":"1837","last_page":"1850"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12709","display_name":"Optimization and Mathematical Programming","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12709","display_name":"Optimization and Mathematical Programming","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilevel-optimization","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","score":0.9404773116111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.8930920362472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6589624881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6150928139686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5784095525741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5234919786453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5157814025878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.44658994674682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-optimization","display_name":"Continuous optimization","score":0.4309746026992798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","score":0.27641063928604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27040401101112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20847919583320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1869806945323944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09806022047996521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.9404773116111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.8930920362472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6589624881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6150928139686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5784095525741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5234919786453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5157814025878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.44658994674682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92995354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165499","display_name":"Continuous optimization","level":4,"score":0.4309746026992798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.27641063928604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27040401101112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20847919583320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1869806945323944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09806022047996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2022.3233409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2022.3233409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G938649781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976225","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586722081","https://openalex.org/W1484068505","https://openalex.org/W1762936176","https://openalex.org/W1974952991","https://openalex.org/W2000152357","https://openalex.org/W2001759562","https://openalex.org/W2005629858","https://openalex.org/W2018705062","https://openalex.org/W2023858465","https://openalex.org/W2032195237","https://openalex.org/W2050120386","https://openalex.org/W2065534296","https://openalex.org/W2074376561","https://openalex.org/W2090753820","https://openalex.org/W2101677491","https://openalex.org/W2112036188","https://openalex.org/W2138537392","https://openalex.org/W2143381319","https://openalex.org/W2154062181","https://openalex.org/W2259507927","https://openalex.org/W2322565568","https://openalex.org/W2413527939","https://openalex.org/W2521809336","https://openalex.org/W2537392705","https://openalex.org/W2557096003","https://openalex.org/W2587953039","https://openalex.org/W2614367549","https://openalex.org/W2809148884","https://openalex.org/W2936721834","https://openalex.org/W2952108774","https://openalex.org/W2954042531","https://openalex.org/W2980487008","https://openalex.org/W3017105781","https://openalex.org/W3019361465","https://openalex.org/W3020239668","https://openalex.org/W3033375761","https://openalex.org/W3039407171","https://openalex.org/W3042948487","https://openalex.org/W3123350987","https://openalex.org/W3178628565","https://openalex.org/W3186295297","https://openalex.org/W3203516445","https://openalex.org/W3203702773","https://openalex.org/W3205718397","https://openalex.org/W4206289801","https://openalex.org/W4214588609","https://openalex.org/W4294811546","https://openalex.org/W6638128249"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313413235","https://openalex.org/W4386520503","https://openalex.org/W1595870065","https://openalex.org/W2890257643","https://openalex.org/W1495503294","https://openalex.org/W2161149697","https://openalex.org/W2353523849","https://openalex.org/W1975009952","https://openalex.org/W3090200643","https://openalex.org/W4375949242"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bilevel":[0],"metaheuristics":[1,17,165],"have":[2,12],"been":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"for":[6,27,66,117],"bilevel":[7,16,46,164],"optimization.":[8],"However,":[9],"recent":[10],"studies":[11],"indicated":[13],"that":[14,156],"most":[15],"are":[18],"inefficient":[19],"since":[20],"they":[21],"perform":[22],"the":[23,34,49,62,75,103,127],"lower-level":[24,37,52,63,83,91,108,114,119,141],"optimization":[25,38,53,64,84,92,109,120,142],"task":[26,121],"each":[28,72,77,118],"upper-level":[29,68],"solution":[30,78],"independently":[31],"and":[32,151],"neglect":[33],"relationship":[35],"among":[36,51,140],"tasks.":[39,54,143],"In":[40,74,86,129],"this":[41],"article,":[42],"we":[43,111],"develop":[44],"a":[45,56,82,88,98,113],"metaheuristic":[47],"with":[48,81],"collaborations":[50],"Specifically,":[55],"population":[57],"is":[58,79,134],"evolved":[59],"to":[60,136],"solve":[61],"tasks":[65,93],"all":[67,90,124],"solutions":[69,125,139],"collaboratively":[70],"at":[71],"generation.":[73],"population,":[76],"associated":[80],"task.":[85],"such":[87],"way,":[89],"can":[94],"be":[95],"solved":[96],"in":[97,126,166],"single":[99],"run.":[100],"To":[101],"capture":[102],"individual":[104],"features":[105],"of":[106,148],"different":[107],"tasks,":[110],"construct":[112],"search":[115],"distribution":[116],"based":[122],"on":[123,145],"population.":[128],"addition,":[130],"an":[131],"information-sharing":[132],"mechanism":[133],"proposed":[135,158],"share":[137],"good":[138],"Experiments":[144],"two":[146],"sets":[147],"test":[149],"problems":[150],"three":[152],"practical":[153],"applications":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"our":[157],"algorithm":[159],"performs":[160],"better":[161],"than":[162],"other":[163],"comparison.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
