{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047271776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2021.3079320","title":"Autoencoding With a Classifier System","display_name":"Autoencoding With a Classifier System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047271776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2021.3079320","mag":"3047271776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2021.3079320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2021.3079320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.10579","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033221821","display_name":"Richard J. Preen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3351-8132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178535277","display_name":"University of the West of England","ror":"https://ror.org/02nwg5t34","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard J. Preen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Creative Technologies, University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3351-8132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Creative Technologies, University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101761414","display_name":"Stewart W. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-1031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101304","display_name":"Prediction Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01abzsb47","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101304"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stewart W. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prediction Dynamics, Concord, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-1031","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prediction Dynamics, Concord, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101304"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103185578","display_name":"Larry Bull","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9072-2343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178535277","display_name":"University of the West of England","ror":"https://ror.org/02nwg5t34","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larry Bull","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Creative Technologies, University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9072-2343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Creative Technologies, University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9591,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88238006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"1079","last_page":"1090"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7455874681472778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6439435482025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6400346755981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5163379907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5081813335418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.5035075545310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48418834805488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3662445843219757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7455874681472778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6439435482025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6400346755981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5163379907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5081813335418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.5035075545310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48418834805488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3662445843219757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2021.3079320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2021.3079320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.10579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10579","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.10579","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.10579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10579","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.10579","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":114,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4919037","https://openalex.org/W110238773","https://openalex.org/W124843342","https://openalex.org/W196980660","https://openalex.org/W1497234990","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1517718593","https://openalex.org/W1535675829","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1777847797","https://openalex.org/W1828949124","https://openalex.org/W1979458603","https://openalex.org/W1982004663","https://openalex.org/W1989101984","https://openalex.org/W1995902006","https://openalex.org/W2023131636","https://openalex.org/W2051777484","https://openalex.org/W2056836848","https://openalex.org/W2063853577","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2097129956","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2103158012","https://openalex.org/W2103305545","https://openalex.org/W2104568672","https://openalex.org/W2108665656","https://openalex.org/W2111532873","https://openalex.org/W2111935653","https://openalex.org/W2112818171","https://openalex.org/W2114747641","https://openalex.org/W2119814172","https://openalex.org/W2122344396","https://openalex.org/W2125321720","https://openalex.org/W2127516563","https://openalex.org/W2127979711","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2132602793","https://openalex.org/W2134367663","https://openalex.org/W2137261852","https://openalex.org/W2138857742","https://openalex.org/W2140619591","https://openalex.org/W2145094598","https://openalex.org/W2152615835","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2167814825","https://openalex.org/W2175733072","https://openalex.org/W2179423374","https://openalex.org/W2184188583","https://openalex.org/W2218318129","https://openalex.org/W2235047952","https://openalex.org/W2326925005","https://openalex.org/W2343420905","https://openalex.org/W2479609865","https://openalex.org/W2593493485","https://openalex.org/W2595502370","https://openalex.org/W2596367596","https://openalex.org/W2619516334","https://openalex.org/W2726772824","https://openalex.org/W2750692136","https://openalex.org/W2756011149","https://openalex.org/W2770298516","https://openalex.org/W2774833978","https://openalex.org/W2775524044","https://openalex.org/W2806990599","https://openalex.org/W2808472075","https://openalex.org/W2810440851","https://openalex.org/W2885311373","https://openalex.org/W2890850833","https://openalex.org/W2906697496","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2941077741","https://openalex.org/W2963208657","https://openalex.org/W2963454111","https://openalex.org/W2963588848","https://openalex.org/W2964212578","https://openalex.org/W2965832314","https://openalex.org/W2966397867","https://openalex.org/W2970604398","https://openalex.org/W2970866842","https://openalex.org/W2970873268","https://openalex.org/W2987472543","https://openalex.org/W2996577930","https://openalex.org/W3034352949","https://openalex.org/W3049654296","https://openalex.org/W3080443832","https://openalex.org/W3088798822","https://openalex.org/W3099654263","https://openalex.org/W3103320289","https://openalex.org/W3117208668","https://openalex.org/W3165463008","https://openalex.org/W3204647170","https://openalex.org/W4254930325","https://openalex.org/W4287363917","https://openalex.org/W4288333794","https://openalex.org/W4293718192","https://openalex.org/W4294567867","https://openalex.org/W4295116917","https://openalex.org/W4300971654","https://openalex.org/W6604500356","https://openalex.org/W6608014884","https://openalex.org/W6633620459","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6685943813","https://openalex.org/W6732520560","https://openalex.org/W6734035190","https://openalex.org/W6738491991","https://openalex.org/W6739879593","https://openalex.org/W6751913510","https://openalex.org/W6753278433","https://openalex.org/W6764345721","https://openalex.org/W6764965709","https://openalex.org/W6767441326","https://openalex.org/W6787847005"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373300491","https://openalex.org/W2378744544","https://openalex.org/W2594301978","https://openalex.org/W2379704676","https://openalex.org/W1998810860","https://openalex.org/W4206442282","https://openalex.org/W2384505857","https://openalex.org/W2355171581","https://openalex.org/W2145253956","https://openalex.org/W1212596013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autoencoders":[0],"are":[1,60],"data-specific":[2],"compression":[3],"algorithms":[4],"learned":[5],"automatically":[6],"from":[7],"examples.":[8],"The":[9],"predominant":[10],"approach":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"to":[14,108,130,143],"construct":[15],"single":[16],"large":[17],"global":[18,160],"models":[19,28],"that":[20,75],"cover":[21,77],"the":[22,34,78,85,103,111,131,145,151,159],"domain.":[23,79],"However,":[24],"training":[25],"and":[26,39,45,136],"evaluating":[27],"of":[29,36,71,87,90,105,117,123],"increasing":[30],"size":[31,147],"comes":[32],"at":[33],"price":[35],"additional":[37],"time":[38,135],"computational":[40,137,154],"cost.":[41],"Conditional":[42],"computation,":[43],"sparsity,":[44],"model":[46,161],"pruning":[47],"techniques":[48],"can":[49],"reduce":[50,144],"these":[51],"costs":[52],"while":[53],"maintaining":[54],"performance.":[55],"Learning":[56],"classifier":[57],"systems":[58],"(LCSs)":[59],"a":[61,88,97,115],"framework":[62],"for":[63],"adaptively":[64,109],"subdividing":[65],"input":[66,112],"spaces":[67],"into":[68,114],"an":[69,106],"ensemble":[70],"simpler":[72],"local":[73,98,121],"approximations":[74],"together":[76],"LCS":[80,107],"perform":[81],"conditional":[82],"computation":[83],"through":[84],"use":[86,104],"population":[89],"individual":[91],"gating/guarding":[92],"components,":[93],"each":[94],"associated":[95],"with":[96,158],"approximation.":[99],"This":[100],"article":[101],"explores":[102],"decompose":[110],"domain":[113],"collection":[116],"small":[118],"autoencoders,":[119],"where":[120],"solutions":[122],"different":[124],"complexity":[125],"may":[126],"emerge.":[127],"In":[128],"addition":[129],"benefits":[132],"in":[133],"convergence":[134],"cost,":[138],"it":[139],"is":[140],"shown":[141],"possible":[142],"code":[146],"as":[148,150],"well":[149],"resulting":[152],"decoder":[153],"cost":[155],"when":[156],"compared":[157],"equivalent.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
