{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131407372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2021.3061466","title":"AS-NAS: Adaptive Scalable Neural Architecture Search With Reinforced Evolutionary Algorithm for Deep Learning","display_name":"AS-NAS: Adaptive Scalable Neural Architecture Search With Reinforced Evolutionary Algorithm for Deep Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131407372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2021.3061466","mag":"3131407372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2021.3061466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2021.3061466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378800","display_name":"Tong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-6365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101450075","display_name":"Chunyu Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8072-1750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyu Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038209168","display_name":"Zongyan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3537-3647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongyan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046710292","display_name":"Xian-Bing Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-7295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xian-Bing Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643265","display_name":"C. L. Philip Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-7230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. L. Philip Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, China","Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100378800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7995,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98436411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"5","first_page":"830","last_page":"841"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6862183213233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6593198776245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5546711683273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5313931703567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.518536388874054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45604991912841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4380730390548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4137878119945526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.4137597978115082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4120499789714813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.326708048582077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23179063200950623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6862183213233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6593198776245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5546711683273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5313931703567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.518536388874054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45604991912841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4380730390548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4137878119945526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4137597978115082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4120499789714813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.326708048582077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23179063200950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2021.3061466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2021.3061466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2212325256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M672630","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G420612141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1801262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5197980865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFA0706200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5198162578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5436807578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1703600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5750115239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1813203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6746433303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62006081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1849730171","https://openalex.org/W2016782026","https://openalex.org/W2041891835","https://openalex.org/W2047591340","https://openalex.org/W2097998348","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2134557905","https://openalex.org/W2237685256","https://openalex.org/W2343835401","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2738226240","https://openalex.org/W2741430497","https://openalex.org/W2782417188","https://openalex.org/W2788853733","https://openalex.org/W2794711922","https://openalex.org/W2810075754","https://openalex.org/W2883839991","https://openalex.org/W2885311373","https://openalex.org/W2887286714","https://openalex.org/W2892366900","https://openalex.org/W2900936384","https://openalex.org/W2901399919","https://openalex.org/W2903933688","https://openalex.org/W2904817185","https://openalex.org/W2913732044","https://openalex.org/W2951104886","https://openalex.org/W2954234207","https://openalex.org/W2954826798","https://openalex.org/W2955051405","https://openalex.org/W2962746461","https://openalex.org/W2962750597","https://openalex.org/W2962847160","https://openalex.org/W2963374479","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963778169","https://openalex.org/W2963821229","https://openalex.org/W2964024268","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964212578","https://openalex.org/W2964515685","https://openalex.org/W2965658867","https://openalex.org/W2966284335","https://openalex.org/W2967733054","https://openalex.org/W2970007912","https://openalex.org/W2970866842","https://openalex.org/W2973943791","https://openalex.org/W2995179471","https://openalex.org/W2995694143","https://openalex.org/W2996012599","https://openalex.org/W2996409713","https://openalex.org/W2999270366","https://openalex.org/W3030791824","https://openalex.org/W3047678576","https://openalex.org/W3083974266","https://openalex.org/W3084357507","https://openalex.org/W3084521418","https://openalex.org/W3112643662","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3139552059","https://openalex.org/W4213308398","https://openalex.org/W4254344992","https://openalex.org/W4255158661","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4288333794","https://openalex.org/W4297729342","https://openalex.org/W4300687381","https://openalex.org/W6674385629","https://openalex.org/W6748587240","https://openalex.org/W6754993503","https://openalex.org/W6757570504","https://openalex.org/W6759402224","https://openalex.org/W6759828284","https://openalex.org/W6764965709","https://openalex.org/W6767953722","https://openalex.org/W6771784742","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W4235240664","https://openalex.org/W1838576100","https://openalex.org/W2095886385","https://openalex.org/W2889616422","https://openalex.org/W2089704382","https://openalex.org/W1983399550","https://openalex.org/W97075385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"architecture":[1,112,133,154],"search":[2,92],"(NAS)":[3],"is":[4,28,60,107],"a":[5,56,103,114],"challenging":[6],"problem":[7],"in":[8],"the":[9,32,45,65,72,78,82,91,95,130,138,141,148,151,160,166,176,179,187,192],"design":[10,149],"of":[11,75,94,150,178,191],"deep":[12,131,152],"learning":[13,48],"due":[14],"to":[15,69,109,174],"its":[16],"nonconvexity.":[17],"To":[18],"address":[19],"this":[20],"problem,":[21],"an":[22],"adaptive":[23],"scalable":[24],"NAS":[25,54],"method":[26],"(AS-NAS)":[27],"proposed":[29,108,161,193],"based":[30,85],"on":[31,86],"reinforced":[33,66,83,142],"I-Ching":[34],"divination":[35],"evolutionary":[36,51],"algorithm":[37,52,59],"(IDEA)":[38],"and":[39,50,62,124,144,184,189],"variable-architecture":[40,104,145],"encoding":[41,105,146],"strategy.":[42],"First,":[43],"unlike":[44],"typical":[46],"reinforcement":[47],"(RL)-based":[49],"(EA)-based":[53],"methods,":[55],"simplified":[57,87],"RL":[58,88],"developed":[61],"used":[63],"as":[64,113],"operator":[67],"controller":[68],"adaptively":[70,157],"select":[71],"efficient":[73],"operators":[74],"IDEA.":[76],"Without":[77],"complex":[79],"actor\u2013critic":[80],"parts,":[81],"IDEA":[84,143],"can":[89,134,155],"enhance":[90],"efficiency":[93],"original":[96],"EA":[97],"with":[98,140,165],"lower":[99],"computational":[100],"cost.":[101],"Second,":[102],"strategy":[106],"encode":[110],"neural":[111,132,153,181],"fixed-length":[115],"binary":[116],"string.":[117],"By":[118],"simultaneously":[119],"considering":[120],"variable":[121],"layers,":[122,129],"channels,":[123],"connections":[125],"between":[126],"different":[127],"convolution":[128],"be":[135,156],"scalable.":[136,158],"Through":[137],"integration":[139],"strategy,":[147],"Finally,":[159],"AS-NAS":[162],"are":[163],"integrated":[164],"<inline-formula":[167],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[168],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[169],"<tex-math":[170],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${L}_{1/2}$":[171],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[172],"regularization":[173],"increase":[175],"sparsity":[177],"optimized":[180],"architecture.":[182],"Experiments":[183],"comparisons":[185],"demonstrate":[186],"effectiveness":[188],"superiority":[190],"method.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-03-22T08:09:32.410652","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}