{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2939441004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2019.2911736","title":"A Graph-Based Fuzzy Evolutionary Algorithm for Solving Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problems","display_name":"A Graph-Based Fuzzy Evolutionary Algorithm for Solving Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2939441004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2019.2911736","mag":"2939441004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2019.2911736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2019.2911736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000979050","display_name":"Xueming Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186272606","display_name":"Guangdong University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/00fhc9y79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueming Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Language Processing Centre, School of Information Science and Technology and School of Cyber Security, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7809-3436","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Language Processing Centre, School of Information Science and Technology and School of Cyber Security, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088160732","display_name":"Han Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1617-4147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1617-4147","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396980","display_name":"Zhifeng Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9257-2895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14894300","display_name":"Foshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xvvvp28","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14894300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Big Data, Foshan University, Foshan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9257-2895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Big Data, Foshan University, Foshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14894300"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101698803","display_name":"Jiahai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6961-7813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6961-7813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5448,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96127401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"129","last_page":"141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5613702535629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5341218113899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5322893261909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5140687227249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5005745887756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.4504932463169098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4280141592025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortest-path-problem","display_name":"Shortest path problem","score":0.4138384759426117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.33944669365882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33546119928359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2743130326271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.23758354783058167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5613702535629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5341218113899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5322893261909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5140687227249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5005745887756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.4504932463169098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4280141592025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22590252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058754","display_name":"Shortest path problem","level":3,"score":0.4138384759426117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.33944669365882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33546119928359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2743130326271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.23758354783058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2019.2911736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2019.2911736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2310090443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3131683276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3324590845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201804010276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335480","funder_display_name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5036091412","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5171\u751fMemetic\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u53cc\u5c42\u6b21\u8f66\u8f86\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\u6c42\u89e3\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61370102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7243720383","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1501254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335480","display_name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490008947","https://openalex.org/W1505554058","https://openalex.org/W1571193596","https://openalex.org/W1590882662","https://openalex.org/W1933420946","https://openalex.org/W1969029115","https://openalex.org/W1969495992","https://openalex.org/W1983477144","https://openalex.org/W1993257498","https://openalex.org/W1996727605","https://openalex.org/W2036815904","https://openalex.org/W2036954693","https://openalex.org/W2040546552","https://openalex.org/W2042438268","https://openalex.org/W2056295481","https://openalex.org/W2058530158","https://openalex.org/W2071056132","https://openalex.org/W2072093876","https://openalex.org/W2088221540","https://openalex.org/W2098613108","https://openalex.org/W2102204056","https://openalex.org/W2105217850","https://openalex.org/W2106378689","https://openalex.org/W2111581650","https://openalex.org/W2116872250","https://openalex.org/W2117522162","https://openalex.org/W2118501206","https://openalex.org/W2123440186","https://openalex.org/W2136284166","https://openalex.org/W2143058845","https://openalex.org/W2146004814","https://openalex.org/W2147090984","https://openalex.org/W2155262811","https://openalex.org/W2159525014","https://openalex.org/W2164177447","https://openalex.org/W2166460071","https://openalex.org/W2282690477","https://openalex.org/W2490561050","https://openalex.org/W2498331080","https://openalex.org/W2538995836","https://openalex.org/W2593437733","https://openalex.org/W2615232520","https://openalex.org/W2616301069","https://openalex.org/W2734421104","https://openalex.org/W2758008099","https://openalex.org/W2766120497","https://openalex.org/W3136145956","https://openalex.org/W4210249822","https://openalex.org/W4245845736","https://openalex.org/W4255015604","https://openalex.org/W6665037100","https://openalex.org/W6681902687","https://openalex.org/W6738186367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312143452","https://openalex.org/W2018691209","https://openalex.org/W4247364272","https://openalex.org/W3133151256","https://openalex.org/W2132920749","https://openalex.org/W2101108574","https://openalex.org/W2157331354","https://openalex.org/W2626773395","https://openalex.org/W1575940985","https://openalex.org/W3131953714"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two-echelon":[0],"vehicle":[1],"routing":[2],"problem":[3,8],"(2E-VRP)":[4],"is":[5,91,112,132],"a":[6,52,64],"challenging":[7],"that":[9],"involves":[10],"both":[11,19],"the":[12,25,29,35,39,45,77,82,85,137,143,148,151],"strategic":[13],"and":[14,24,99,127],"tactical":[15],"planning":[16],"decisions":[17],"on":[18,34,142],"echelons.":[20],"The":[21,60,139],"satellite":[22],"locations":[23],"customer":[26],"distribution":[27],"affect":[28],"cost":[30],"of":[31,41,84,96,104,120,150],"different":[32,108],"components":[33],"second":[36],"echelon,":[37],"thus":[38],"possibilities":[40,83],"satellite-to-customer":[42,86],"assignment":[43,67,117,122],"complicates":[44],"problem.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"we":[50],"propose":[51],"graph-based":[53,65,88,115],"fuzzy":[54,66,89,116,128],"evolutionary":[55,72],"algorithm":[56],"for":[57],"solving":[58],"2E-VRP.":[59],"proposed":[61,152],"method":[62],"integrates":[63],"scheme":[68],"into":[69],"an":[70,121],"iteratively":[71],"learning":[73],"process":[74],"to":[75,93,134],"minimize":[76],"total":[78],"cost.":[79],"To":[80],"resolve":[81],"assignment,":[87],"operator":[90],"used":[92,133],"take":[94],"advantage":[95],"population":[97],"evolution":[98],"avoid":[100],"excessive":[101],"fitness":[102],"evaluations":[103],"unpromising":[105],"moves":[106],"in":[107],"satellites.":[109],"Each":[110],"offspring":[111],"produced":[113],"via":[114],"procedure":[118,131],"out":[119],"graph":[123],"from":[124],"parent":[125],"individuals,":[126],"local":[129],"search":[130],"further":[135],"improve":[136],"offspring.":[138],"experimental":[140],"results":[141],"public":[144],"test":[145],"sets":[146],"demonstrate":[147],"competitiveness":[149],"method.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}