{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2551000267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2016.2623803","title":"An Energy Efficient Ant Colony System for Virtual Machine Placement in Cloud Computing","display_name":"An Energy Efficient Ant Colony System for Virtual Machine Placement in Cloud Computing","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2551000267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2016.2623803","mag":"2551000267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2016.2623803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2016.2623803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/197324/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056487497","display_name":"Xiaofang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-4201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Fang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011145004","display_name":"Zhi\u2010Hui Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0862-0514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Hui Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030040261","display_name":"Jeremiah D. Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3727-4403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremiah D. Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743577","display_name":"Yun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6575-1839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799850029","display_name":"Dongguan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01m8p7q42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799850029"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Network Security, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Network Security, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799850029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036224495","display_name":"Tianlong Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1662-7110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianlong Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400217","display_name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-9871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056487497"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358","https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":63.5309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":407,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99901348,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"113","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.8162053227424622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7641191482543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.7317630052566528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7295050621032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.6439566612243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6396503448486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.6255953311920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.5046652555465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.46412017941474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony","display_name":"Ant colony","score":0.44138869643211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4223434031009674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3367435336112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27165699005126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.16254276037216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1515498161315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12383118271827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.11734116077423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10187909007072449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.8162053227424622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7641191482543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.7317630052566528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7295050621032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.6439566612243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6396503448486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.6255953311920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.5046652555465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.46412017941474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796575","display_name":"Ant colony","level":3,"score":0.44138869643211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4223434031009674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3367435336112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27165699005126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.16254276037216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1515498161315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12383118271827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.11734116077423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10187909007072449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2016.2623803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2016.2623803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:65131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1173803.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:197324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/197324/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:197324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/197324/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4290874918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61402545","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8173447722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014A030306038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4819873","https://openalex.org/W7574676","https://openalex.org/W163490863","https://openalex.org/W1537478891","https://openalex.org/W1575376687","https://openalex.org/W1781690630","https://openalex.org/W1888294891","https://openalex.org/W1967910577","https://openalex.org/W1972250388","https://openalex.org/W1973961215","https://openalex.org/W1979101093","https://openalex.org/W1984829260","https://openalex.org/W1990901434","https://openalex.org/W1994043290","https://openalex.org/W1995090395","https://openalex.org/W1999971903","https://openalex.org/W2004354923","https://openalex.org/W2010082999","https://openalex.org/W2013067314","https://openalex.org/W2017365332","https://openalex.org/W2023867815","https://openalex.org/W2050313789","https://openalex.org/W2062775008","https://openalex.org/W2070253598","https://openalex.org/W2099692426","https://openalex.org/W2100297710","https://openalex.org/W2118955868","https://openalex.org/W2131405329","https://openalex.org/W2132992887","https://openalex.org/W2133408093","https://openalex.org/W2137708569","https://openalex.org/W2143587547","https://openalex.org/W2154158105","https://openalex.org/W2154929945","https://openalex.org/W2156262512","https://openalex.org/W2157016369","https://openalex.org/W2165203444","https://openalex.org/W2169466806","https://openalex.org/W2275596639","https://openalex.org/W2283950796","https://openalex.org/W2289028278","https://openalex.org/W2314238560","https://openalex.org/W2324402390","https://openalex.org/W2343478865","https://openalex.org/W2344850686","https://openalex.org/W2415637909","https://openalex.org/W2419306226","https://openalex.org/W2464527493","https://openalex.org/W2466657351","https://openalex.org/W2489159973","https://openalex.org/W2489219000","https://openalex.org/W2492630612","https://openalex.org/W2541557612","https://openalex.org/W4231461540","https://openalex.org/W4251091605","https://openalex.org/W6600288341","https://openalex.org/W6719233697","https://openalex.org/W6723189154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347951034","https://openalex.org/W2612791064","https://openalex.org/W2558538437","https://openalex.org/W2893967483","https://openalex.org/W2388326823","https://openalex.org/W2357605019","https://openalex.org/W2167514501","https://openalex.org/W2366876790","https://openalex.org/W2381829748","https://openalex.org/W2071981049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0],"machine":[1],"placement":[2],"(VMP)":[3],"and":[4,69,142,155,166,172],"energy":[5,171],"efficiency":[6],"are":[7],"significant":[8,168],"topics":[9],"in":[10,137],"cloud":[11,138],"computing":[12,18],"research.":[13],"In":[14],"this":[15],"paper,":[16],"evolutionary":[17],"is":[19,58,78,125],"applied":[20,126],"to":[21,23,33,37,60,127],"VMP":[22,63,131,161],"minimize":[24],"the":[25,42,46,62,75,85,92,112,149],"number":[26,86],"of":[27,45,87,94,130,140,170,176],"active":[28,88],"physical":[29],"servers,":[30],"so":[31],"as":[32],"schedule":[34],"underutilized":[35],"servers":[36,89],"save":[38],"energy.":[39],"Inspired":[40],"by":[41],"promising":[43,116],"performance":[44],"ant":[47],"colony":[48],"system":[49],"(ACS)":[50],"algorithm":[51,77],"for":[52,91,107],"combinatorial":[53],"problems,":[54],"an":[55,80],"ACS-based":[56],"approach":[57],"developed":[59],"achieve":[61],"goal.":[64],"Coupled":[65],"with":[66,133,162],"order":[67],"exchange":[68],"migration":[70],"(OEM)":[71],"local":[72],"search":[73],"techniques,":[74],"resultant":[76],"termed":[79],"OEMACS.":[81],"It":[82],"effectively":[83],"minimizes":[84],"used":[90],"assignment":[93],"virtual":[95],"machines":[96],"(VMs)":[97],"from":[98],"a":[99,104,128],"global":[100],"optimization":[101],"perspective":[102],"through":[103],"novel":[105],"strategy":[106],"pheromone":[108],"deposition":[109],"which":[110],"guides":[111],"artificial":[113],"ants":[114],"toward":[115],"solutions":[117],"that":[118,148],"group":[119],"candidate":[120],"VMs":[121],"together.":[122],"The":[123,145],"OEMACS":[124,150],"variety":[129],"problems":[132],"differing":[134],"VM":[135],"sizes":[136],"environments":[139],"homogenous":[141],"heterogeneous":[143],"servers.":[144],"results":[146],"show":[147],"generally":[151],"outperforms":[152],"conventional":[153],"heuristic":[154],"other":[156],"evolutionary-based":[157],"approaches,":[158],"especially":[159],"on":[160],"bottleneck":[163],"resource":[164],"characteristics,":[165],"offers":[167],"savings":[169],"more":[173],"efficient":[174],"use":[175],"different":[177],"resources.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}