{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083777413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2014.2319051","title":"Automatic Design of a Hyper-Heuristic Framework With Gene Expression Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems","display_name":"Automatic Design of a Hyper-Heuristic Framework With Gene Expression Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083777413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2014.2319051","mag":"2083777413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2014.2319051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2014.2319051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/999760","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050621611","display_name":"Nasser R. Sabar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-4704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nasser R. Sabar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Mining and Optimization Research Group, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Mining and Optimization Research Group, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011296289","display_name":"Masri Ayob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-7921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masri Ayob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Mining and Optimization Research Group, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Mining and Optimization Research Group, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074319022","display_name":"Graham Kendall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-5103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham Kendall","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASAP Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASAP Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063920690","display_name":"Rong Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8318-7509"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASAP Research Group, school of Computer Science University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASAP Research Group, school of Computer Science University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050621611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155043079","https://openalex.org/I885383172"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.778,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":124,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98908667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"309","last_page":"325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.8026003837585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyper-heuristic","display_name":"Hyper-heuristic","score":0.7551441192626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.7154494524002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6646068096160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null-move-heuristic","display_name":"Null-move heuristic","score":0.4842383563518524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistent-heuristic","display_name":"Consistent heuristic","score":0.45475780963897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.4436006546020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4420095682144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incremental-heuristic-search","display_name":"Incremental heuristic search","score":0.3888097405433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3275721073150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-search","display_name":"Beam search","score":0.21999743580818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2165820598602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.18072685599327087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.16406026482582092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.8026003837585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117270229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5957539","display_name":"Hyper-heuristic","level":5,"score":0.7551441192626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.7154494524002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6646068096160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114290370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415915","display_name":"Null-move heuristic","level":3,"score":0.4842383563518524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200246849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163226","display_name":"Consistent heuristic","level":5,"score":0.45475780963897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.4436006546020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4420095682144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139979381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056021","display_name":"Incremental heuristic search","level":4,"score":0.3888097405433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3275721073150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19889080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835852","display_name":"Beam search","level":3,"score":0.21999743580818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2165820598602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18072685599327087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.16406026482582092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188888258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353390","display_name":"Robot learning","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2014.2319051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2014.2319051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:28274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6805577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402013","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:999760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/999760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:999760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/999760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6414137052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H000968/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62072190","https://openalex.org/W192263341","https://openalex.org/W1538237995","https://openalex.org/W1542869478","https://openalex.org/W1543258308","https://openalex.org/W1547788791","https://openalex.org/W1601649239","https://openalex.org/W1613273921","https://openalex.org/W1745341198","https://openalex.org/W1814515812","https://openalex.org/W1829921621","https://openalex.org/W1936925833","https://openalex.org/W1977474365","https://openalex.org/W1977997977","https://openalex.org/W1978798413","https://openalex.org/W1981334977","https://openalex.org/W2032786550","https://openalex.org/W2037455079","https://openalex.org/W2056956492","https://openalex.org/W2062407832","https://openalex.org/W2072441740","https://openalex.org/W2073870328","https://openalex.org/W2074212800","https://openalex.org/W2074739125","https://openalex.org/W2092856865","https://openalex.org/W2097006520","https://openalex.org/W2104274529","https://openalex.org/W2105445546","https://openalex.org/W2109881441","https://openalex.org/W2120138297","https://openalex.org/W2126148517","https://openalex.org/W2126497465","https://openalex.org/W2140494408","https://openalex.org/W2141926577","https://openalex.org/W2142987654","https://openalex.org/W2145815746","https://openalex.org/W2146879413","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2151809174","https://openalex.org/W2154047522","https://openalex.org/W2159290927","https://openalex.org/W2159427933","https://openalex.org/W2168427112","https://openalex.org/W2169209574","https://openalex.org/W2282401122","https://openalex.org/W2619488218","https://openalex.org/W2950680102","https://openalex.org/W3118260104","https://openalex.org/W4246565613","https://openalex.org/W6681124477","https://openalex.org/W6941301931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111117784","https://openalex.org/W2400861930","https://openalex.org/W2101174032","https://openalex.org/W2617599361","https://openalex.org/W2573689326","https://openalex.org/W1140243306","https://openalex.org/W2146538994","https://openalex.org/W3097720710","https://openalex.org/W2913108234","https://openalex.org/W2357125654"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyper-heuristic":[0],"approaches":[1],"aim":[2],"to":[3,9,41,84,96,159,174],"automate":[4],"heuristic":[5,27,37,105,112,138],"design":[6,63,85],"in":[7,172],"order":[8,173],"solve":[10],"multiple":[11],"problems":[12],"instead":[13,79],"of":[14,64,80,106,119,147,153,187,202],"designing":[15],"tailor-made":[16],"methodologies":[17],"for":[18,161,249],"individual":[19],"problems.":[20],"Hyper-heuristics":[21],"accomplish":[22],"this":[23,77,154],"through":[24],"a":[25,70,91,180,185],"high-level":[26,66,87,104,165],"(heuristic":[28],"selection":[29],"mechanism":[30,182],"and":[31,60,123,134,142,190,242],"an":[32],"acceptance":[33,144],"criterion).":[34],"This":[35],"automates":[36],"selection,":[38],"deciding":[39],"whether":[40],"accept":[42],"or":[43,53,145],"reject":[44],"the":[45,62,86,100,103,107,117,120,124,128,143,148,157,168,197,203,220,226,234],"returned":[46],"solution.":[47,150],"The":[48,110,151,200],"fact":[49],"that":[50,183,193,233],"different":[51,57,164,216],"problems,":[52,213],"even":[54],"instances,":[55],"have":[56,69],"landscape":[58],"structures":[59],"complexity,":[61],"efficient":[65],"heuristics":[67,166],"can":[68],"dramatic":[71],"impact":[72],"on":[73,252],"hyper-heuristic":[74,108,205,228,236],"performance.":[75],"In":[76],"paper,":[78],"using":[81],"human":[82],"knowledge":[83],"heuristic,":[88],"we":[89,178],"propose":[90],"gene":[92],"expression":[93],"programming":[94],"algorithm":[95],"automatically":[97],"generate,":[98,160],"during":[99,167,196],"instance-solving":[101],"process,":[102],"framework.":[109],"generated":[111,121],"takes":[113],"information":[114],"(such":[115],"as":[116,132],"quality":[118],"solution":[122,176],"improvement":[125],"made)":[126],"from":[127],"current":[129],"problem":[130],"state":[131],"input":[133],"decides":[135],"which":[136],"low-level":[137],"should":[139],"be":[140],"selected":[141],"rejection":[146],"resultant":[149],"benefit":[152],"framework":[155],"is":[156,194,206],"ability":[158],"each":[162],"instance,":[163],"problem-solving":[169,198],"process.":[170,199],"Furthermore,":[171],"maintain":[175],"diversity,":[177],"utilize":[179],"memory":[181],"contains":[184],"population":[186],"both":[188],"high-quality":[189],"diverse":[191],"solutions":[192],"updated":[195],"generality":[201],"proposed":[204,227,235],"validated":[207],"against":[208],"six":[209],"well-known":[210],"combinatorial":[211],"optimization":[212],"with":[214,229],"very":[215],"landscapes,":[217],"provided":[218],"by":[219],"HyFlex":[221],"software.":[222],"Empirical":[223],"results,":[224],"comparing":[225],"state-of-the-art":[230],"hyper-heuristics,":[231],"conclude":[232],"generalizes":[237],"well":[238],"across":[239],"all":[240,253],"domains":[241],"achieves":[243],"competitive,":[244],"if":[245],"not":[246],"superior,":[247],"results":[248],"several":[250],"instances":[251],"domains.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}