{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029621379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2009.2030438","title":"Computational Evolutionary Embryogeny","display_name":"Computational Evolutionary Embryogeny","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029621379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2009.2030438","mag":"2029621379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2009.2030438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2009.2030438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7907/n4xg-f402","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066339276","display_name":"Or Yogev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Or Yogev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Design Research Laboratory, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Design Research Laboratory, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066269993","display_name":"Andrew A. Shapiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2650-8107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew A. Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","Enterprise Engineering Division of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enterprise Engineering Division of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112637126","display_name":"Erik K. Antonsson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik K. Antonsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0549,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.927916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"301","last_page":"325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11870","display_name":"Structural Analysis and Optimization","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","score":0.76967453956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.6354323625564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6249884963035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5865397453308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.5466892123222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-silico","display_name":"In silico","score":0.5070030689239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4900616407394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-life","display_name":"Artificial life","score":0.47910454869270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.46759670972824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4430181682109833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.20873045921325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.188032329082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.092591792345047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.76967453956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6354323625564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6249884963035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5865397453308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.5466892123222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775905019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192572","display_name":"In silico","level":3,"score":0.5070030689239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4900616407394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19273510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263847","display_name":"Artificial life","level":2,"score":0.47910454869270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.46759670972824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4430181682109833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.20873045921325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.188032329082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.092591792345047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tevc.2009.2030438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2009.2030438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:thesis.library.caltech.edu:208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402402","display_name":"CaltechTHESIS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:18303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100513-154348375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.590.3128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.590.3128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/08i.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.7907/n4xg-f402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7907/n4xg-f402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050848","display_name":"Caltech Library","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7907/n4xg-f402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7907/n4xg-f402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050848","display_name":"Caltech Library","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20664472","https://openalex.org/W165295313","https://openalex.org/W286879733","https://openalex.org/W298987871","https://openalex.org/W996746306","https://openalex.org/W1276244788","https://openalex.org/W1497084625","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1512356148","https://openalex.org/W1541780330","https://openalex.org/W1557212434","https://openalex.org/W1575923498","https://openalex.org/W1581104670","https://openalex.org/W1609223620","https://openalex.org/W1966588972","https://openalex.org/W1970320083","https://openalex.org/W1970636319","https://openalex.org/W1980508363","https://openalex.org/W1983449914","https://openalex.org/W1994816794","https://openalex.org/W2000085833","https://openalex.org/W2000526024","https://openalex.org/W2000618372","https://openalex.org/W2001884902","https://openalex.org/W2003649362","https://openalex.org/W2007909139","https://openalex.org/W2008962736","https://openalex.org/W2012231377","https://openalex.org/W2016518303","https://openalex.org/W2018215034","https://openalex.org/W2020326853","https://openalex.org/W2033477672","https://openalex.org/W2033947507","https://openalex.org/W2061220010","https://openalex.org/W2063433996","https://openalex.org/W2069505635","https://openalex.org/W2070500104","https://openalex.org/W2080307812","https://openalex.org/W2082528405","https://openalex.org/W2097813267","https://openalex.org/W2100894466","https://openalex.org/W2105614368","https://openalex.org/W2108076410","https://openalex.org/W2113348421","https://openalex.org/W2116661285","https://openalex.org/W2121365620","https://openalex.org/W2122406408","https://openalex.org/W2123603385","https://openalex.org/W2123656918","https://openalex.org/W2125071105","https://openalex.org/W2126606094","https://openalex.org/W2134117737","https://openalex.org/W2136718483","https://openalex.org/W2140190629","https://openalex.org/W2141717881","https://openalex.org/W2142190422","https://openalex.org/W2142477230","https://openalex.org/W2160317488","https://openalex.org/W2164896732","https://openalex.org/W2326371313","https://openalex.org/W2787023214","https://openalex.org/W4206725542","https://openalex.org/W4250533002","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600850457","https://openalex.org/W6610571046","https://openalex.org/W6630440407","https://openalex.org/W6633309365","https://openalex.org/W6676880450","https://openalex.org/W6684129316","https://openalex.org/W6701566483"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2559162946","https://openalex.org/W1564034019","https://openalex.org/W4318604474","https://openalex.org/W2218908317","https://openalex.org/W2110538866","https://openalex.org/W4207066076","https://openalex.org/W2218558409","https://openalex.org/W1896376119","https://openalex.org/W2144591593","https://openalex.org/W2029621379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evolutionary":[0],"and":[1,27,34,90,93,121,129,137,145,149],"developmental":[2],"processes":[3,29],"are":[4,114,131,168],"used":[5],"to":[6,15,30,45,62,71,205],"evolve":[7],"the":[8,22,46,72,76,82,85,106,109,143,165,171,202],"configurations":[9,194],"of":[10,24,48,88,108,123,142,147,159,195],"3-D":[11,50],"structures":[12],"in":[13,75,81,100,125,133,164],"silico":[14],"achieve":[16],"desired":[17],"performances.":[18],"Natural":[19],"systems":[20],"utilize":[21],"combination":[23],"both":[25],"evolution":[26,144],"development":[28,91,185],"produce":[31],"remarkable":[32],"performance":[33],"diversity.":[35],"However,":[36],"this":[37],"approach":[38,186,199],"has":[39],"not":[40],"yet":[41],"been":[42],"applied":[43],"extensively":[44],"design":[47,204,211],"continuous":[49],"load-supporting":[51],"structures.":[52],"Beginning":[53],"with":[54],"a":[55,63,66,101,126,206],"single":[56],"artificial":[57,79,95,172],"cell":[58,80,96],"containing":[59],"information":[60],"analogous":[61],"DNA":[64],"sequence,":[65],"structure":[67,83,107],"is":[68,97,151,162,177],"grown":[69],"according":[70],"rules":[73],"encoded":[74],"sequence.":[77],"Each":[78],"contains":[84],"same":[86],"sequence":[87],"growth":[89],"rules,":[92],"each":[94],"an":[98],"element":[99,103],"finite":[102],"mesh":[104],"representing":[105],"mature":[110],"individual.":[111],"Rule":[112],"sequences":[113],"evolved":[115],"over":[116],"many":[117],"generations":[118],"through":[119],"selection":[120],"survival":[122],"individuals":[124],"population.":[127],"Modularity":[128],"symmetry":[130,148],"visible":[132],"nearly":[134],"every":[135],"natural":[136],"engineered":[138],"structure.":[139],"An":[140],"understanding":[141],"expression":[146],"modularity":[150],"emerging":[152],"from":[153,170],"recent":[154],"biological":[155],"research.":[156],"Initial":[157],"evidence":[158],"these":[160],"attributes":[161],"present":[163],"phenotypes":[166],"that":[167],"developed":[169],"evolution,":[173],"although":[174],"neither":[175],"characteristic":[176],"imposed":[178],"nor":[179],"selected-for":[180],"directly.":[181],"The":[182,198],"computational":[183],"evolutionary":[184],"presented":[187],"here":[188],"shows":[189],"promise":[190],"for":[191],"synthesizing":[192],"novel":[193],"high-performance":[196],"systems.":[197],"may":[200],"advance":[201],"system":[203],"new":[207],"paradigm,":[208],"where":[209],"current":[210],"strategies":[212],"have":[213],"difficulty":[214],"producing":[215],"useful":[216],"solutions.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T08:55:40.977307","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
