{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118418055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2025.3645618","title":"$PathSAGE$: Identifying Influential Spreaders in Temporal Networks With $GraphSAGE$","display_name":"$PathSAGE$: Identifying Influential Spreaders in Temporal Networks With $GraphSAGE$","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118418055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2025.3645618"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2025.3645618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2025.3645618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054090394","display_name":"Srestha Sadhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3648-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155837530","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Durgapur","ror":"https://ror.org/04ds0jm32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155837530"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Srestha Sadhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155837530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027036839","display_name":"Deepanwita Mallick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155837530","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Durgapur","ror":"https://ror.org/04ds0jm32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155837530"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepanwita Mallick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155837530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022944976","display_name":"Amrita Namtirtha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5510-6118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77501641","display_name":"University of Kalyani","ror":"https://ror.org/03v783k16","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77501641"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amrita Namtirtha","raw_affiliation_strings":["JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77501641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109876565","display_name":"Mariana Curado Malta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariana Curado Malta","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615","https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Animesh Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4880-6903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155837530","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Durgapur","ror":"https://ror.org/04ds0jm32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155837530"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Animesh Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155837530"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054090394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155837530"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04405034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"2104","last_page":"2120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.490200012922287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.490200012922287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.2870999872684479,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.10189999639987946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6779000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-database","display_name":"Temporal database","score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.3452000021934509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7312999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6779000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5651999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77277458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969246","display_name":"Temporal database","level":2,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2025.3645618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2025.3645618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325255","display_name":"Ministry of Electronics and Information technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifying":[0],"influential":[1,131,184],"spreaders":[2,185],"in":[3,128,182],"temporal":[4,21,91,116,187],"networks":[5,117],"is":[6],"crucial":[7],"for":[8],"understanding":[9],"and":[10,26,52,150],"controlling":[11],"the":[12,125,142,172],"dynamics":[13,47],"of":[14,177],"spreading.":[15],"However,":[16],"existing":[17],"methods,":[18,103],"such":[19],"as":[20,95],"betweenness,":[22],"closeness,":[23],"pagerank,":[24],"degree,":[25],"local":[27,57,92],"path-based":[28],"centrality,":[29],"face":[30],"several":[31],"limitations,":[32],"including":[33],"high":[34],"computational":[35,109],"complexity,":[36],"reliance":[37],"on":[38,56,113],"shortest":[39],"paths,":[40],"convergence":[41],"issues,":[42],"inability":[43],"to":[44,84,164],"capture":[45,85],"influence":[46],"with":[48,141],"insufficient":[49],"neighboring":[50],"nodes,":[51],"a":[53,67,80,96,138,152],"primary":[54],"focus":[55],"structural":[58],"information.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61],"presents":[62],"<inline-formula":[63,76,104,120,133,167],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[64,77,105,121,134,146,157,168],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[65,78,106,122,135,147,158,169],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$PathSAGE$</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[66],"novel":[68],"method":[69],"that":[70,119],"addresses":[71],"these":[72],"problems.":[73],"It":[74],"integrates":[75],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$GraphSAGE$</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[79],"deep":[81],"learning":[82],"model,":[83],"global":[86,101],"node":[87],"information":[88],"while":[89],"incorporating":[90],"path":[93],"counts":[94],"key":[97],"feature.":[98],"Unlike":[99],"other":[100],"feature-capturing":[102],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$PathSAGE$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[107,123,136,170],"optimises":[108],"complexity.":[110],"Experimental":[111],"results":[112],"thirteen":[114],"real-world":[115],"demonstrate":[118],"outperforms":[124],"state-of-the-art":[126],"methods":[127],"accurately":[129],"identifying":[130,183],"spreaders.":[132],"exhibits":[137],"strong":[139],"correlation":[140],"Temporal":[143],"Susceptible\u2013Infected\u2013Recovered":[144],"(<inline-formula":[145,156],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$TSIR$</tex-math></inline-formula>)":[148],"model":[149],"achieves":[151],"relative":[153],"improvement":[154],"percentage":[155],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\eta":[159],"\\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>)":[160],"ranging":[161],"from":[162],"0.12%":[163],"70.70%.":[165],"Additionally,":[166],"attains":[171],"lowest":[173],"average":[174],"robustness":[175],"value":[176],"0.17,":[178],"highlighting":[179],"its":[180],"effectiveness":[181],"within":[186],"networks.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}