{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408125059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2025.3537944","title":"Modeling of Spiking Neural Network With Optimal Hidden Layer via Spatiotemporal Orthogonal Encoding for Patterns Recognition","display_name":"Modeling of Spiking Neural Network With Optimal Hidden Layer via Spatiotemporal Orthogonal Encoding for Patterns Recognition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408125059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2025.3537944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2025.3537944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2025.3537944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055101230","display_name":"Zenan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-4185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zenan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-4185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072866538","display_name":"Yinghui Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130112","display_name":"China Academy of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038dte259","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130112","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghui Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy for Network and Communications of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy for Network and Communications of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079940252","display_name":"Weikang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3963-9325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130112","display_name":"China Academy of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038dte259","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130112","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weikang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy for Network and Communications of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy for Network and Communications of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065987501","display_name":"Chenhui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3819-060X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenhui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070457376","display_name":"Hongyan Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101626982","display_name":"Shan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4264-7553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4264-7553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076044791","display_name":"Donghui Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-4088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghui Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-4088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2763,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94686522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"2194","last_page":"2207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6433520317077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6305587291717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.6296365261077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6285812854766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.6208333373069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6206153035163879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatiotemporal-pattern","display_name":"Spatiotemporal pattern","score":0.5016236305236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4913231432437897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1571875512599945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07167336344718933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6433520317077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6305587291717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.6296365261077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6285812854766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.6208333373069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6206153035163879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779108282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22908968","display_name":"Spatiotemporal pattern","level":2,"score":0.5016236305236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4913231432437897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1571875512599945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07167336344718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2025.3537944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2025.3537944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78755966","https://openalex.org/W1203519395","https://openalex.org/W1986246844","https://openalex.org/W1987377268","https://openalex.org/W1990221069","https://openalex.org/W2044215073","https://openalex.org/W2056509081","https://openalex.org/W2056631950","https://openalex.org/W2066571899","https://openalex.org/W2081752958","https://openalex.org/W2109596721","https://openalex.org/W2159701443","https://openalex.org/W2164653071","https://openalex.org/W2165293155","https://openalex.org/W2170968634","https://openalex.org/W2343815575","https://openalex.org/W2565847703","https://openalex.org/W2569813014","https://openalex.org/W2591831781","https://openalex.org/W2618255684","https://openalex.org/W2736039329","https://openalex.org/W2745933219","https://openalex.org/W2785236517","https://openalex.org/W2792432942","https://openalex.org/W2892632544","https://openalex.org/W2980991344","https://openalex.org/W2984844508","https://openalex.org/W2999026992","https://openalex.org/W3045777102","https://openalex.org/W3048898492","https://openalex.org/W3097875984","https://openalex.org/W3098057541","https://openalex.org/W3102040318","https://openalex.org/W3102750118","https://openalex.org/W3124546450","https://openalex.org/W3128073964","https://openalex.org/W3175124131","https://openalex.org/W3196571547","https://openalex.org/W3202095041","https://openalex.org/W3213073654","https://openalex.org/W4214767871","https://openalex.org/W4224289525","https://openalex.org/W4237574227","https://openalex.org/W4246134873","https://openalex.org/W4255501777","https://openalex.org/W4285252396","https://openalex.org/W4307438232","https://openalex.org/W4312888260","https://openalex.org/W4320005540","https://openalex.org/W4379113666","https://openalex.org/W4382450050","https://openalex.org/W4385575031","https://openalex.org/W4386133886","https://openalex.org/W4387409844","https://openalex.org/W4390871872","https://openalex.org/W4397026540","https://openalex.org/W4398765060","https://openalex.org/W4408173737","https://openalex.org/W6684800219","https://openalex.org/W6743688258","https://openalex.org/W6774680395","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6809648081","https://openalex.org/W6862462409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126544799","https://openalex.org/W3104333581","https://openalex.org/W2542565870","https://openalex.org/W3111828357","https://openalex.org/W3018398156","https://openalex.org/W2920832517","https://openalex.org/W4388827557","https://openalex.org/W4387877594","https://openalex.org/W4285676431","https://openalex.org/W2977464668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,76,149],"Spiking":[1,33],"Neural":[2,35],"Network":[3,36],"(SNN)":[4],"diverges":[5],"from":[6,132],"conventional":[7],"rate-based":[8],"network":[9,118],"models":[10],"by":[11],"showcasing":[12,90],"remarkable":[13],"biological":[14],"fidelity":[15],"and":[16,58,71,87,93,108,120,144],"advanced":[17],"spatiotemporal":[18,45],"computation":[19],"capabilities,":[20],"precisely":[21],"converting":[22],"input":[23],"spike":[24],"sequences":[25],"into":[26,63],"firing":[27],"activities.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"introduces":[31],"the":[32,98,109,133,138,141],"Optimal":[34],"(SONN),":[37],"a":[38,115],"model":[39,99],"that":[40,152],"integrates":[41,55],"spiking":[42],"neurons":[43],"with":[44],"orthogonal":[46,56,106],"polynomials":[47,57,107],"to":[48,67,163],"enhance":[49,72],"pattern":[50],"recognition":[51],"capabilities.":[52,75],"SONN":[53,80,127,154],"innovatively":[54],"complex":[59],"domain":[60],"transformations":[61],"seamlessly":[62],"neural":[64,69],"dynamics,":[65],"aiming":[66],"elucidate":[68],"encoding":[70,85],"cognitive":[73],"computing":[74],"dynamic":[77],"integration":[78],"of":[79,84],"enables":[81],"continuous":[82],"optimization":[83],"methodologies":[86],"layer":[88],"structures,":[89],"its":[91,125],"adaptability":[92],"refinement":[94],"over":[95],"time.":[96],"Fundamentally,":[97],"provides":[100],"an":[101],"adjustable":[102],"method":[103],"based":[104],"on":[105],"corresponding":[110],"complex-valued":[111],"neuron":[112],"model,":[113],"striking":[114],"balance":[116],"between":[117],"scalability":[119],"output":[121],"accuracy.":[122],"To":[123],"evaluate":[124],"performance,":[126],"underwent":[128],"experiments":[129],"using":[130],"datasets":[131,161],"UCI":[134],"Machine":[135],"Learning":[136],"Repository,":[137],"Fashion-MNIST":[139],"dataset,":[140],"CIFAR-10":[142],"dataset":[143],"neuromorphic":[145],"DVS128":[146],"Gesture":[147],"dataset.":[148],"results":[150],"show":[151],"smaller-sized":[153],"architectures":[155],"achieve":[156],"comparable":[157],"accuracy":[158],"in":[159],"benchmark":[160],"compared":[162],"other":[164],"SNNs.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}