{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393253036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2024.3378605","title":"Hybrid IRS-Assisted Secure Satellite Downlink Communications: A Fast Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"Hybrid IRS-Assisted Secure Satellite Downlink Communications: A Fast Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393253036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2024.3378605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2024.3378605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2024.3378605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009178181","display_name":"Quynh Tu Ngo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-3444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Quynh Tu Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047541214","display_name":"Khoa T. Phan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0471-9402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khoa Tran Phan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048255032","display_name":"Abdun Naser Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7769-3384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdun Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389005","display_name":"Wei Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0608-065X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009178181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.8945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98742366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"2858","last_page":"2869"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9624999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7874476313591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7429551482200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.63054358959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.6304423213005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6191304326057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39235615730285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3625029921531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3374921679496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28982239961624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1597171127796173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.10931777954101562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7874476313591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7429551482200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.63054358959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.6304423213005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6191304326057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39235615730285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3625029921531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3374921679496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28982239961624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1597171127796173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.10931777954101562}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2024.3378605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2024.3378605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123117904","https://openalex.org/W2138717292","https://openalex.org/W2140960275","https://openalex.org/W2149200615","https://openalex.org/W2515541240","https://openalex.org/W2765606903","https://openalex.org/W2898104747","https://openalex.org/W2949670636","https://openalex.org/W2960258177","https://openalex.org/W3006762012","https://openalex.org/W3022434579","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3040433108","https://openalex.org/W3089319020","https://openalex.org/W3103493968","https://openalex.org/W3104968730","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3161565715","https://openalex.org/W3174671346","https://openalex.org/W3189090535","https://openalex.org/W3198743033","https://openalex.org/W3204184545","https://openalex.org/W3205135478","https://openalex.org/W4206296593","https://openalex.org/W4226065768","https://openalex.org/W4226071704","https://openalex.org/W4285225593","https://openalex.org/W4285260532","https://openalex.org/W4313428265","https://openalex.org/W4378174794","https://openalex.org/W6684205842","https://openalex.org/W6684921986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W2028190576","https://openalex.org/W3034760060","https://openalex.org/W4206958678","https://openalex.org/W2373343648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"a":[3,10,61,103,115],"secure":[4,147],"satellite":[5,22],"downlink":[6],"communication":[7],"system":[8,79,118,125],"with":[9,114],"hybrid":[11,138],"intelligent":[12],"reflecting":[13],"surface":[14],"(IRS).":[15],"A":[16],"robust":[17],"design":[18],"problem":[19,58],"for":[20,109],"the":[21,31,40,57,66,76,85,89,122],"and":[23,45,131,137],"IRS":[24,46,136],"joint":[25],"beamforming":[26],"is":[27],"formulated":[28],"to":[29,55,112],"maximize":[30],"system's":[32],"worst-case":[33],"secrecy":[34,119,126],"rate,":[35],"considering":[36],"practical":[37],"models":[38],"of":[39,107,129],"outdated":[41],"channel":[42],"state":[43],"information":[44],"power":[47],"consumption.":[48],"We":[49],"leverage":[50],"deep":[51,67,91],"reinforcement":[52],"learning":[53,98,105],"(DRL)":[54],"solve":[56],"by":[59,83],"proposing":[60],"fast":[62],"DRL":[63],"algorithm,":[64,94],"namely":[65],"post-decision":[68],"state\u2013deterministic":[69],"policy":[70],"gradient":[71],"(DPDS-DPG)":[72],"algorithm.":[73],"In":[74],"DPDS-DPG,":[75],"prior":[77],"known":[78],"dynamics":[80],"are":[81],"exploited":[82],"integrating":[84],"PDS":[86],"concept":[87],"into":[88],"traditional":[90],"DPG":[92],"(DDPG)":[93],"resulting":[95],"in":[96],"faster":[97,104],"convergence.":[99],"Simulation":[100],"results":[101,123],"show":[102],"convergence":[106],"50%":[108],"DPDS-DPG":[110],"compared":[111],"DDPG,":[113],"comparable":[116],"achievable":[117],"rate.":[120],"Additionally,":[121],"demonstrate":[124],"rate":[127],"gains":[128],"52%":[130],"35%":[132],"when":[133],"employing":[134],"active":[135],"IRS,":[139,144],"respectively,":[140],"over":[141],"conventional":[142],"passive":[143],"thereby":[145],"supporting":[146],"communications.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
