{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385820040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2023.3300172","title":"Adaptive Indoor People-Counting System Based on Edge AI Computing","display_name":"Adaptive Indoor People-Counting System Based on Edge AI Computing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385820040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2023.3300172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2023.3300172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2023.3300172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075795022","display_name":"Mao\u2010Hsu Yen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-4173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153512688","display_name":"National Taiwan Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvvnt49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mao-Hsu Yen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-4173","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069841396","display_name":"Bor\u2010Shyh Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8653-2571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136334","display_name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02y2htg06","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99613584","display_name":"National Taipei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e29r284","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bor-Shyh Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan","Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8653-2571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102921872","display_name":"Yu-Lun Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3072-467X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99613584","display_name":"National Taipei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e29r284","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Lun Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3072-467X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090923095","display_name":"I\u2010Jung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3722-8194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99613584","display_name":"National Taipei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e29r284","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I-Jung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan","College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3722-8194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031197613","display_name":"Bor-Shing Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-3190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99613584","display_name":"National Taipei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e29r284","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bor-Shing Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan","Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-3190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0105,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7848441,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"255","last_page":"263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7329647541046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6433596611022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6068179607391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.5841497778892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5726149678230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5426434278488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4452466070652008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.41954416036605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16494950652122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09224003553390503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7329647541046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6433596611022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6068179607391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.5841497778892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5726149678230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5426434278488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4452466070652008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41954416036605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16494950652122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09224003553390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2023.3300172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2023.3300172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3411119776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-2221-E-305-001-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6676962393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2221-E-A49-096-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1984907943","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2337534032","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2583776264","https://openalex.org/W2811433028","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2903121545","https://openalex.org/W2956800107","https://openalex.org/W2962697884","https://openalex.org/W2963757717","https://openalex.org/W2963767186","https://openalex.org/W2991236864","https://openalex.org/W3003063065","https://openalex.org/W3005276315","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3023726235","https://openalex.org/W3035782943","https://openalex.org/W3091844626","https://openalex.org/W3091974216","https://openalex.org/W3116951950","https://openalex.org/W3167986776","https://openalex.org/W3212167535","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6777046832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022849497","https://openalex.org/W3081299480","https://openalex.org/W2407190427","https://openalex.org/W2919210741","https://openalex.org/W2907584218","https://openalex.org/W3002446410","https://openalex.org/W4390224712","https://openalex.org/W4322096758","https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W4225706866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,17,39,60,132,145,154,163,168,178,182,193,203,208],"outbreak":[2],"of":[3,19,62,162,167,181,205],"COVID-19":[4],"in":[5,9,118],"2019,":[6],"people":[7,20,63,88,117],"counting":[8,89],"confined":[10],"spaces":[11],"has":[12,103],"become":[13],"essential":[14],"for":[15,87],"controlling":[16],"flow":[18],"and":[21,50,107,158,174,177,200,220],"reducing":[22],"viral":[23],"spread.":[24],"Many":[25],"people-counting":[26],"systems":[27],"use":[28],"a":[29,34,43,68,76,108,137],"fisheye":[30,44,77],"lens":[31,45,78],"to":[32,53,75,81,115,143],"achieve":[33],"wide":[35],"viewing":[36],"range.":[37],"However,":[38],"images":[40,119],"captured":[41,120],"with":[42],"can":[46,198,215],"have":[47],"different":[48,54],"sizes":[49],"deformations":[51],"due":[52],"camera":[55],"heights,":[56],"which":[57,102],"consequently":[58],"affects":[59],"accuracy":[61],"counting.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66,127],"study,":[67],"Raspberry":[69],"Pi":[70],"4":[71],"development":[72],"board":[73],"attached":[74],"was":[79,141,184],"used":[80,142],"construct":[82],"an":[83],"edge":[84,134,195,212],"computing":[85,135,196],"platform":[86,183,197],"by":[90],"using":[91],"artificial":[92],"intelligence.":[93],"A":[94],"modified":[95,164],"You":[96],"Only":[97],"Look":[98],"Once":[99],"(YOLO)":[100],"model,":[101],"three":[104],"output":[105],"layers":[106],"spatial":[109],"pyramid":[110],"pooling":[111],"module,":[112],"is":[113],"proposed":[114,133,194,209],"recognize":[116],"at":[121],"various":[122],"heights.":[123],"For":[124],"efficiently":[125,199],"running":[126],"deep":[128],"learning":[129],"model":[130,146,171],"on":[131],"platform,":[136],"TensorFlow":[138],"Lite":[139],"framework":[140],"reduce":[144],"size.":[147],"The":[148,189],"final":[149],"experimental":[150],"results":[151,190],"indicated":[152],"that":[153,192],"mean":[155,159],"average":[156],"error":[157,161],"squared":[160],"tiny":[165],"version":[166],"YOLO":[169],"v4":[170],"were":[172],"0.249":[173],"0.292,":[175],"respectively,":[176],"detection":[179],"speed":[180],"2":[185],"frames":[186],"per":[187],"second.":[188],"indicate":[191],"accurately":[201],"count":[202],"number":[204],"people.":[206],"Because":[207],"system":[210],"uses":[211],"computing,":[213],"it":[214],"effectively":[216],"solve":[217],"personal":[218],"privacy":[219],"transmission":[221],"bandwidth":[222],"problems.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
