{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4324116578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2023.3251441","title":"Learning to Learn Evolutionary Algorithm: A Learnable Differential Evolution","display_name":"Learning to Learn Evolutionary Algorithm: A Learnable Differential Evolution","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4324116578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2023.3251441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2023.3251441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2023.3251441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101763292","display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-2103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-2103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005474942","display_name":"Jianyong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9188-1856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianyong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9188-1856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000546219","display_name":"Qingfu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105229","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-0671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064608174","display_name":"Zhenkun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-6780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenkun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-6780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zongben Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-3358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongben Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-3358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5037,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97229073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"6","first_page":"1605","last_page":"1620"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7736988067626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7101197242736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6126742959022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.559172511100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5486191511154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5409612655639648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-evolution","display_name":"Differential evolution","score":0.4432946741580963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.4367064833641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-robotics","display_name":"Evolutionary robotics","score":0.432192325592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.4148736298084259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.2327529788017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18332833051681519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7736988067626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7101197242736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6126742959022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.559172511100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5486191511154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5409612655639648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74750220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662197","display_name":"Differential evolution","level":2,"score":0.4432946741580963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.4367064833641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199505168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3267529","display_name":"Evolutionary robotics","level":3,"score":0.432192325592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4148736298084259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.2327529788017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18332833051681519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2023.3251441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2023.3251441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1636070402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11991023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5727282016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7295677115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1058439126","https://openalex.org/W1499983649","https://openalex.org/W1537644361","https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1726070994","https://openalex.org/W1886893343","https://openalex.org/W2021027064","https://openalex.org/W2042253843","https://openalex.org/W2048256025","https://openalex.org/W2108968575","https://openalex.org/W2117250519","https://openalex.org/W2134154181","https://openalex.org/W2136848157","https://openalex.org/W2137340504","https://openalex.org/W2138537392","https://openalex.org/W2144051602","https://openalex.org/W2153260109","https://openalex.org/W2155529731","https://openalex.org/W2156194072","https://openalex.org/W2163845190","https://openalex.org/W2310612427","https://openalex.org/W2311504482","https://openalex.org/W2732171826","https://openalex.org/W2756836297","https://openalex.org/W2768403651","https://openalex.org/W2786153354","https://openalex.org/W2796986051","https://openalex.org/W2801034590","https://openalex.org/W2885087041","https://openalex.org/W2896347400","https://openalex.org/W2897728985","https://openalex.org/W2901199996","https://openalex.org/W2914049157","https://openalex.org/W2917884856","https://openalex.org/W2981943969","https://openalex.org/W3088638680","https://openalex.org/W3101025102","https://openalex.org/W3132655884","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W6629686014","https://openalex.org/W6759768743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400868993","https://openalex.org/W3096874164","https://openalex.org/W1985560493","https://openalex.org/W2386410636","https://openalex.org/W2357975469","https://openalex.org/W2145363145","https://openalex.org/W1626977535","https://openalex.org/W4284974072","https://openalex.org/W2341346307","https://openalex.org/W4404955202"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1,59,151,174],"evolutionary":[2,40,122],"optimization":[3,62,72,91],"has":[4,11,186],"flourished":[5],"for":[6,141,190],"several":[7],"decades.":[8],"Now":[9],"it":[10,29],"come":[12],"to":[13,33,95,104,170],"a":[14,46,69,129,139,153,175,187],"turning":[15],"point.":[16],"With":[17],"the":[18,35,74,78,84,98,105,161,182,191],"advancement":[19],"of":[20,39,71,77,80,86,144,196],"artificial":[21],"intelligence,":[22],"especially":[23],"deep":[24,75],"learning":[25,60,110,119,143,152,184],"and":[26,37,83,146],"reinforcement":[27,118],"learning,":[28],"is":[30,167],"becoming":[31],"appealing":[32],"rethink":[34],"design":[36,195],"development":[38],"algorithm":[41],"(EA).":[42],"From":[43],"our":[44],"perspective,":[45],"new-generation":[47],"EA":[48],"should":[49],"be":[50,112,126],"<italic":[51,162,192],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[52,163,193],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">learned</i>":[53,164],"rather":[54],"than":[55],"manually":[56],"designed,":[57],"based":[58],"from":[61,67],"experiences":[63,87],"(such":[64],"as":[65,94,128],"obtained":[66],"optimizing":[68],"family":[70],"problems),":[73],"understanding":[76],"roles":[79],"recombination":[81],"operators,":[82],"usage":[85],"extracted":[88],"through":[89],"history":[90],"trajectories,":[92],"so":[93],"intelligently":[96],"decide":[97],"control":[99],"parameters":[100],"that":[101,160,181],"can":[102,111,125],"adapt":[103],"problem":[106],"landscape":[107],"changes.":[108],"This":[109],"conducted":[113],"by":[114],"strongly":[115],"coupling":[116],"with":[117],"since":[120],"an":[121,148],"search":[123],"procedure":[124],"modeled":[127],"Markov":[130],"Decision":[131],"Process":[132],"(MDP).":[133],"In":[134],"this":[135],"paper":[136],"we":[137],"propose":[138],"framework":[140,185],"automatic":[142],"EA,":[145],"present":[147],"exemplar":[149],"study":[150],"differential":[154],"evolution":[155],"(DE).":[156],"Experimental":[157],"results":[158],"show":[159],"adaptive":[165],"DE":[166],"very":[168],"competitive":[169],"some":[171],"recent":[172],"EAs":[173],"commonly-used":[176],"test":[177],"suite,":[178],"which":[179],"indicates":[180],"proposed":[183],"great":[188],"potential":[189],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">automatic</i>":[194],"promising":[197],"EAs.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}