{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212782154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2021.3122511","title":"A Novel Test Case Generation Approach for Adaptive Random Testing of Object-Oriented Software Using K-Means Clustering Technique","display_name":"A Novel Test Case Generation Approach for Adaptive Random Testing of Object-Oriented Software Using K-Means Clustering Technique","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212782154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2021.3122511","mag":"3212782154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2021.3122511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2021.3122511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063671391","display_name":"Jinfu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3124-5452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinfu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406215","display_name":"Haibo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9720-0361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057130161","display_name":"Yuchi Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013409742","display_name":"Minmin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-6358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minmin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053562000","display_name":"Rubing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-6126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rubing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005231122","display_name":"Chengying Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-1205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59649739","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmyj29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengying Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and IoT Engineering, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and IoT Engineering, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063671391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7973,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92617801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"969","last_page":"981"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-testing","display_name":"Random testing","score":0.7949942946434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6492288112640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6320129632949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5698909759521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzz-testing","display_name":"Fuzz testing","score":0.5509570240974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4913307726383209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.4783363342285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-array-testing","display_name":"Orthogonal array testing","score":0.47701215744018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4344031810760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.4199896454811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40037357807159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3600999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3591510057449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33061134815216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2534477412700653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.19372734427452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1737232208251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15544608235359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09570714831352234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146789","display_name":"Random testing","level":4,"score":0.7949942946434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6492288112640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6320129632949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5698909759521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111065885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189053","display_name":"Fuzz testing","level":3,"score":0.5509570240974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4913307726383209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4783363342285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158324730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54862604","display_name":"Orthogonal array testing","level":5,"score":0.47701215744018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4344031810760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.4199896454811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40037357807159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3600999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3591510057449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33061134815216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2534477412700653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.19372734427452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1737232208251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15544608235359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09570714831352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2021.3122511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2021.3122511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1308233889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1836116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5606633337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M691310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6369611365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7481298447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021K636C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335473","funder_display_name":"Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335473","display_name":"Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186879748","https://openalex.org/W1148496451","https://openalex.org/W1526710119","https://openalex.org/W1966021031","https://openalex.org/W1978904109","https://openalex.org/W1979345446","https://openalex.org/W1981166908","https://openalex.org/W1992639336","https://openalex.org/W1999109718","https://openalex.org/W2010962701","https://openalex.org/W2012210872","https://openalex.org/W2036894992","https://openalex.org/W2060792710","https://openalex.org/W2071952624","https://openalex.org/W2098639318","https://openalex.org/W2099851951","https://openalex.org/W2103951082","https://openalex.org/W2104888085","https://openalex.org/W2107252882","https://openalex.org/W2119505282","https://openalex.org/W2135841285","https://openalex.org/W2138138395","https://openalex.org/W2167505893","https://openalex.org/W2234763457","https://openalex.org/W2327714942","https://openalex.org/W2394642405","https://openalex.org/W2506046183","https://openalex.org/W2561884496","https://openalex.org/W2764176914","https://openalex.org/W2923259217","https://openalex.org/W2943540685","https://openalex.org/W2978079183","https://openalex.org/W3041931538","https://openalex.org/W4234263945","https://openalex.org/W4238689832","https://openalex.org/W4248993634","https://openalex.org/W4254132856","https://openalex.org/W6675441415","https://openalex.org/W6691259190","https://openalex.org/W6711756026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3021250941","https://openalex.org/W2547155723","https://openalex.org/W2339038108","https://openalex.org/W3119380829","https://openalex.org/W3019261932","https://openalex.org/W3017338730","https://openalex.org/W3117766477","https://openalex.org/W2621182807","https://openalex.org/W2036894992","https://openalex.org/W3212782154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Random":[0],"testing":[1,31,123],"(RT)":[2],"is":[3,49,62,72,106],"considered":[4],"important":[5],"owing":[6],"to":[7,36,80,135,180],"the":[8,22,38,54,58,65,82,96,102,118,138,146,152,162,182,185],"popularity":[9],"of":[10,45,95,120,140,187],"fuzzing":[11],"techniques.":[12],"Yet,":[13],"its":[14],"effectiveness":[15,198],"has":[16,33],"been":[17,34,178],"questioned":[18],"because":[19],"it":[20],"disregards":[21],"property":[23],"that":[24,116,193],"failures":[25],"are":[26,133,158],"usually":[27],"conglomerated.":[28],"Adaptive":[29],"random":[30],"(ART)":[32],"developed":[35],"spread":[37],"test":[39,47,60,67,98,141],"cases":[40,48,61],"more":[41],"evenly.":[42],"A":[43],"set":[44],"candidate":[46,55],"first":[50],"generated":[51],"randomly.":[52],"Then,":[53],"farthest":[56],"from":[57],"executed":[59,97],"selected":[63],"as":[64],"next":[66],"case.":[68],"However,":[69],"this":[70,109],"process":[71],"time-consuming,":[73],"especially":[74],"for":[75],"object-oriented":[76,121,204],"programs.":[77],"In":[78,108],"order":[79],"improve":[81],"efficiency,":[83],"a":[84,113],"forgetting":[85],"strategy":[86],"may":[87],"be":[88],"added,":[89],"taking":[90],"into":[91],"account":[92],"only":[93],"part":[94],"cases.":[99,142],"Of":[100],"course,":[101],"failure":[103],"detection":[104],"capability":[105],"compromised.":[107],"paper,":[110],"we":[111,164],"propose":[112],"new":[114],"approach":[115],"improves":[117],"efficiency":[119,200],"program":[122],"through":[124],"K-means":[125],"clustering.":[126],"Frequency":[127],"transform":[128,132,148],"and":[129,151,170,174,184,199,203],"improved":[130],"wavelet":[131,147],"adopted":[134],"better":[136,197],"determine":[137],"dissimilarity":[139],"Two":[143],"measures,":[144],"namely,":[145],"(WT)":[149],"metric":[150],"trisection":[153],"frequency":[154],"conversion":[155],"(TFC)":[156],"metric,":[157],"proposed.":[159],"Based":[160],"on":[161],"metrics,":[163],"develop":[165],"two":[166],"algorithms":[167,195,206],"called":[168],"WClustering-ART":[169],"TFClustering-ART.":[171],"Experimental":[172],"studies":[173],"statistical":[175],"analysis":[176],"have":[177],"conducted":[179],"evaluate":[181],"F-measure":[183],"Fm-time":[186],"our":[188],"approach.":[189],"The":[190],"results":[191],"show":[192],"both":[194],"demonstrate":[196],"than":[201],"RT":[202],"ART":[205],"with":[207],"forgetting.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
