{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3002489817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2019.2926769","title":"Deep Learning Based Hotspot Prediction and Beam Management for Adaptive Virtual Small Cell in 5G Networks","display_name":"Deep Learning Based Hotspot Prediction and Beam Management for Adaptive Virtual Small Cell in 5G Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3002489817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2019.2926769","mag":"3002489817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2019.2926769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2019.2926769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387393","display_name":"Yanan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5136-4670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733413","display_name":"Xianbin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianbin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037720618","display_name":"Gary Boudreau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3539-9624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094041","display_name":"Ericsson (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nas2c56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Boudreau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074645771","display_name":"Akram Bin Sediq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-2853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094041","display_name":"Ericsson (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nas2c56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akram Bin Sediq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027792197","display_name":"Hatem Abou-Zeid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-5794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094041","display_name":"Ericsson (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nas2c56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hatem Abou-zeid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100387393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94632251,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"83","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8129167556762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hotspot","display_name":"Hotspot (geology)","score":0.7205192446708679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5642368197441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.559334933757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5252615809440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.516785740852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4874863624572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4288955330848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4282740354537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4272158443927765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39810773730278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3591766953468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3252256214618683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2718151807785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13776111602783203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8129167556762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146481406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105131","display_name":"Hotspot (geology)","level":2,"score":0.7205192446708679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5642368197441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.559334933757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5252615809440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.516785740852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4874863624572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4288955330848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4282740354537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4272158443927765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39810773730278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3591766953468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3252256214618683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2718151807785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13776111602783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2019.2926769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2019.2926769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1521036299","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2038574581","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2062475494","https://openalex.org/W2072599023","https://openalex.org/W2102860020","https://openalex.org/W2124568462","https://openalex.org/W2130891087","https://openalex.org/W2190432600","https://openalex.org/W2275165515","https://openalex.org/W2346213518","https://openalex.org/W2472954632","https://openalex.org/W2502225875","https://openalex.org/W2528639018","https://openalex.org/W2533293854","https://openalex.org/W2541933303","https://openalex.org/W2558955488","https://openalex.org/W2559625626","https://openalex.org/W2584746543","https://openalex.org/W2593131248","https://openalex.org/W2601236274","https://openalex.org/W2603876587","https://openalex.org/W2619995677","https://openalex.org/W2622994789","https://openalex.org/W2735148100","https://openalex.org/W2764170017","https://openalex.org/W2768671728","https://openalex.org/W2782982918","https://openalex.org/W2783741806","https://openalex.org/W2783856446","https://openalex.org/W2800817893","https://openalex.org/W2869021280","https://openalex.org/W2900125276","https://openalex.org/W2962850461","https://openalex.org/W2962883549","https://openalex.org/W3103450255","https://openalex.org/W4244928213","https://openalex.org/W4316126515","https://openalex.org/W6628877408","https://openalex.org/W6686207219","https://openalex.org/W6728547873","https://openalex.org/W6729601573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703","https://openalex.org/W41015297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,111],"meet":[1],"the":[2,41,57,67,82,105,109,113,150,154,159,163,169,177,216,228,231],"extremely":[3],"stringent":[4],"but":[5],"diverse":[6],"requirements":[7],"of":[8,17,47,86,92,108,115,188,230],"5G,":[9],"cost-effective":[10],"network":[11,18,99],"deployment":[12,222],"and":[13,44,63,76,89,157,184,198,211,223],"traffic-aware":[14],"adaptive":[15,74],"utilization":[16],"resources":[19],"are":[20],"becoming":[21],"essential.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"a":[26,93,145],"hotspot":[27,102,189,209],"prediction":[28,103,210],"based":[29],"virtual":[30],"small":[31,234],"cell":[32,146],"(VSC)":[33],"operation":[34,114],"scheme":[35],"is":[36,123,142],"adopted":[37],"to":[38,55,72,100,130,148,162],"improve":[39,215],"both":[40],"cost":[42],"efficiency":[43,46,218],"operational":[45],"5G":[48],"networks.":[49],"This":[50],"paper":[51],"focuses":[52],"on":[53],"how":[54,66],"predict":[56],"hotspots":[58],"by":[59,167],"using":[60,168],"deep":[61,87,197],"learning,":[62],"then":[64],"demonstrates":[65],"predictions":[68],"can":[69,181,214],"be":[70],"leveraged":[71],"support":[73,112],"beamforming":[75,122,213],"VSC":[77],"operation.":[78],"We":[79],"first":[80],"leverage":[81],"feature":[83],"extraction":[84],"capabilities":[85],"learning":[88,200],"exploit":[90],"use":[91],"long":[94],"short-term":[95],"memory":[96],"(LSTM)":[97],"neural":[98],"achieve":[101],"for":[104,126],"potential":[106],"formation":[107],"VSCs.":[110,134],"VSCs,":[116],"large-scale":[117],"antenna":[118],"array":[119],"enabled":[120],"hybrid":[121,212],"adaptively":[124],"adjusted":[125],"highly":[127],"directional":[128],"transmission":[129],"cover":[131],"these":[132],"hotspot-based":[133],"Within":[135],"each":[136],"VSC,":[137],"an":[138],"appropriate":[139],"user":[140],"equipment":[141],"selected":[143],"as":[144],"head":[147],"collect":[149],"intra-cell":[151],"traffic":[152,161,186],"in":[153],"unlicensed":[155],"band":[156],"relays":[158],"aggregated":[160],"macro-cell":[164],"base":[165],"station":[166],"licensed":[170],"band.":[171],"Our":[172],"simulation":[173],"results":[174,203],"illustrate":[175],"that":[176,206],"proposed":[178],"LSTM-based":[179],"method":[180],"extract":[182],"spatial":[183],"temporal":[185],"features":[187],"with":[190,194,208,220,227],"higher":[191],"accuracy,":[192],"compared":[193,226],"some":[195],"existing":[196],"non-deep":[199],"approaches.":[201],"Numerical":[202],"also":[204],"show":[205],"VSCs":[207],"energy":[217],"dramatically":[219],"flexible":[221],"low":[224],"latency,":[225],"scenario":[229],"convolutional":[232],"fixed":[233],"cells.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
