{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2789644267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2018.2803777","title":"Handwriting Trajectory Reconstruction Using Low-Cost IMU","display_name":"Handwriting Trajectory Reconstruction Using Low-Cost IMU","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2789644267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2018.2803777","mag":"2789644267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2018.2803777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2018.2803777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063016153","display_name":"Tse\u2013Yu Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8570-1575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tse-Yu Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103796981","display_name":"Chih-Hsuan Kuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Hsuan Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031290978","display_name":"Hou-Tim Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hou-Tim Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029298215","display_name":"Min\u2010Chun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1917-2155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Chun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81002397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.8956053256988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.759466290473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6954182386398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.6902437210083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyroscope","display_name":"Gyroscope","score":0.646388053894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6223297715187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6025223731994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.5568662881851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reset","display_name":"Reset (finance)","score":0.5196934342384338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5066695809364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15082386136054993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.8956053256988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.759466290473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6954182386398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.6902437210083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.646388053894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6223297715187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6025223731994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.5568662881851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779795794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315343","display_name":"Reset (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5196934342384338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5066695809364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15082386136054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2018.2803777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2018.2803777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973981446","https://openalex.org/W1976968872","https://openalex.org/W1985133440","https://openalex.org/W1988305328","https://openalex.org/W1996331830","https://openalex.org/W2010773041","https://openalex.org/W2043605359","https://openalex.org/W2066991356","https://openalex.org/W2080116634","https://openalex.org/W2088371259","https://openalex.org/W2109297795","https://openalex.org/W2120398582","https://openalex.org/W2123008889","https://openalex.org/W2129332051","https://openalex.org/W2142523325","https://openalex.org/W2147157426","https://openalex.org/W2153360541","https://openalex.org/W2169384417","https://openalex.org/W2327514009","https://openalex.org/W2330464377","https://openalex.org/W2343514605","https://openalex.org/W2349597558","https://openalex.org/W2519457600","https://openalex.org/W2531952511","https://openalex.org/W2548765505","https://openalex.org/W2552999262","https://openalex.org/W2564794160","https://openalex.org/W2566835784","https://openalex.org/W2590796488","https://openalex.org/W2592600924","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2723826663","https://openalex.org/W6643707687","https://openalex.org/W6678008268","https://openalex.org/W6733793881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356006086","https://openalex.org/W2545168295","https://openalex.org/W1973973903","https://openalex.org/W2365897603","https://openalex.org/W4234814094","https://openalex.org/W4287084017","https://openalex.org/W3195533899","https://openalex.org/W3208523813","https://openalex.org/W2156308897","https://openalex.org/W3179745820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,66],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,79],"propose":[4],"a":[5,26,30,88,99,112],"trajectory":[6,130,150],"reconstruction":[7,131,151],"method":[8,152],"based":[9,92],"on":[10,93],"low-cost":[11],"Inertial":[12],"Measurement":[13],"Unit":[14],"(IMU)":[15],"in":[16,21,111],"smartphones.":[17],"The":[18,115],"IMU":[19,51,84],"used":[20],"our":[22,148],"work":[23],"consists":[24],"of":[25,37,63,125],"three-axis":[27,31],"accelerometer":[28],"and":[29,39,45,86,142],"gyroscope,":[32],"which":[33],"can":[34,119],"record":[35],"information":[36],"acceleration":[38],"rotation,":[40],"respectively.":[41],"Since":[42],"intrinsic":[43],"bias":[44],"random":[46],"noise":[47],"usually":[48],"cause":[49],"unreliable":[50],"signals,":[52],"filtering":[53],"methods":[54],"are":[55,133],"utilized":[56],"to":[57,68,135],"reduce":[58],"high-":[59],"or":[60,77],"low-frequency":[61],"noises":[62],"the":[64,73,106,122,129,143],"signals.":[65],"addition,":[67],"more":[69],"accurately":[70],"detect":[71],"whether":[72],"smartphone":[74,107],"is":[75,103,108,153],"moving":[76],"not,":[78],"extract":[80],"multiple":[81],"features":[82],"from":[83],"signals":[85],"train":[87],"movement":[89],"detection":[90],"model":[91],"linear":[94],"discriminant":[95],"analysis":[96],"(LDA).":[97],"Then,":[98],"\u201creset":[100,116],"switch\u201d":[101,117],"mechanism":[102,118],"applied":[104,134],"when":[105],"detected":[109],"as":[110],"static":[113],"state.":[114],"effectively":[120],"restrain":[121],"accumulated":[123],"error":[124],"displacement":[126],"calculation.":[127],"Finally,":[128],"results":[132,145],"handwritten":[136],"letter":[137],"recognition":[138],"for":[139],"English":[140],"alphabet,":[141],"experimental":[144],"show":[146],"that":[147],"proposed":[149],"reliable.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}