{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2783741806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2017.2772792","title":"A Deep Learning Approach to Network Intrusion Detection","display_name":"A Deep Learning Approach to Network Intrusion Detection","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2783741806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2017.2772792","mag":"2783741806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2017.2772792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2017.2772792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/7479/1/A_Deep_Learning_Approach_to_Network_Intrusion_Detection_FINAL.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069261349","display_name":"Nathan Shone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-9434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Shone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K","[Department of Computer Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-9434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101710623","display_name":"Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0059-350X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131359167","display_name":"Le Quy Don Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wgyjv21","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131359167"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tran Nguyen Ngoc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131359167"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vu Dinh Phai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5000-258X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131359167","display_name":"Le Quy Don Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wgyjv21","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131359167"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vu Dinh Phai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5000-258X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131359167"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061698636","display_name":"Qi Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3766-7808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K","[Department of Computer Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3766-7808","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069261349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":121.2785,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1646,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99994131,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8304404020309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.8004143238067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7771940231323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.754960298538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6749993562698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.600602924823761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5527410507202148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5502241253852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.49253591895103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4365770220756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.41772767901420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36687877774238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32321590185165405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8304404020309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8004143238067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7771940231323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.754960298538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6749993562698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.600602924823761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5527410507202148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5502241253852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.49253591895103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4365770220756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.41772767901420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36687877774238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32321590185165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetci.2017.2772792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2017.2772792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210251","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","issn_l":"2471-285X","issn":["2471-285X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk:7479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/7479/1/A_Deep_Learning_Approach_to_Network_Intrusion_Detection_FINAL.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401246","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","host_organization_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk:7479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/7479/1/A_Deep_Learning_Approach_to_Network_Intrusion_Detection_FINAL.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401246","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","host_organization_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2783741806.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2783741806.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526458608","https://openalex.org/W1544101352","https://openalex.org/W1988918299","https://openalex.org/W1990652932","https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2145094598","https://openalex.org/W2167287136","https://openalex.org/W2177066871","https://openalex.org/W2290933337","https://openalex.org/W2335999708","https://openalex.org/W2399941526","https://openalex.org/W2414564754","https://openalex.org/W2529525882","https://openalex.org/W2549585799","https://openalex.org/W2552631155","https://openalex.org/W2553245249","https://openalex.org/W2553815116","https://openalex.org/W2560162835","https://openalex.org/W2567271240","https://openalex.org/W2576897537","https://openalex.org/W2577741565","https://openalex.org/W2583832915","https://openalex.org/W2584408238","https://openalex.org/W2585320043","https://openalex.org/W2598684549","https://openalex.org/W2600148249","https://openalex.org/W2606856422","https://openalex.org/W2607918523","https://openalex.org/W2608658459","https://openalex.org/W2615131227","https://openalex.org/W2742495185","https://openalex.org/W2751639377","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2997574889","https://openalex.org/W4205947740","https://openalex.org/W4245460974","https://openalex.org/W6681096077","https://openalex.org/W6732059171","https://openalex.org/W6732343696","https://openalex.org/W6735304853","https://openalex.org/W6736520436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2752972570","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W4321789545","https://openalex.org/W2220968517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"intrusion":[1,62],"detection":[2,51],"systems":[3],"(NIDSs)":[4],"play":[5],"a":[6,56],"crucial":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,100,138],"defending":[10],"computer":[11],"networks.":[12,32],"However,":[13],"there":[14],"are":[15],"concerns":[16,36],"regarding":[17],"the":[18,28,39,47,109,133],"feasibility":[19],"and":[20,46,106,114,132],"sustainability":[21],"of":[22,30,42,50],"current":[23],"approaches":[24,131],"when":[25],"faced":[26],"with":[27],"demands":[29],"modern":[31,139],"More":[33],"specifically,":[34],"these":[35,66],"relate":[37],"to":[38],"increasing":[40],"levels":[41,49],"required":[43],"human":[44],"interaction":[45],"decreasing":[48],"accuracy.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"presents":[55],"novel":[57,85],"deep":[58,73,86],"learning":[59,87],"technique":[60],"for":[61,76,136],"detection,":[63],"which":[64],"addresses":[65],"concerns.":[67],"We":[68],"detail":[69],"our":[70,84,123],"proposed":[71,95],"nonsymmetric":[72],"autoencoder":[74],"(NDAE)":[75],"unsupervised":[77],"feature":[78],"learning.":[79],"Furthermore,":[80],"we":[81],"also":[82],"propose":[83],"classification":[88],"model":[89,124],"constructed":[90],"using":[91,108],"stacked":[92],"NDAEs.":[93],"Our":[94],"classifier":[96],"has":[97],"been":[98,120],"implemented":[99],"graphics":[101],"processing":[102],"unit":[103],"(GPU)-enabled":[104],"TensorFlow":[105],"evaluated":[107],"benchmark":[110],"KDD":[111],"Cup":[112],"'99":[113],"NSL-KDD":[115],"datasets.":[116],"Promising":[117],"results":[118],"have":[119],"obtained":[121],"from":[122],"thus":[125],"far,":[126],"demonstrating":[127],"improvements":[128],"over":[129],"existing":[130],"strong":[134],"potential":[135],"use":[137],"NIDSs.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":276},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":209},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":223},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":258},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":240},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":228},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":110},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":36}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}