{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394842931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2024.3386960","title":"FakeTracer: Catching Face-Swap DeepFakes via Implanting Traces in Training","display_name":"FakeTracer: Catching Face-Swap DeepFakes via Implanting Traces in Training","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394842931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2024.3386960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2024.3386960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2024.3386960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101470675","display_name":"Pu Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047226078","display_name":"Honggang Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-1491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honggang Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052012464","display_name":"Yuezun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-1945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuezun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023752172","display_name":"Siwei Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-685X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siwei Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, SUNY, Amherst, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, SUNY, Amherst, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101470675"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.98,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75121779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"134","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9631999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swap","display_name":"Swap (finance)","score":0.8041011095046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7167972326278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4962621331214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.46229642629623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3643222451210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.08440721035003662}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99821215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136583","display_name":"Swap (finance)","level":2,"score":0.8041011095046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7167972326278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4962621331214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.46229642629623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3643222451210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.08440721035003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2024.3386960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2024.3386960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2788180536","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021TQ0314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3446077531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271466","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4487050979","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M703036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888519208","https://openalex.org/W2891145043","https://openalex.org/W2894598861","https://openalex.org/W2909336075","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2975558816","https://openalex.org/W2994892543","https://openalex.org/W3015364190","https://openalex.org/W3028481464","https://openalex.org/W3034196597","https://openalex.org/W3034577585","https://openalex.org/W3034713808","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3090538384","https://openalex.org/W3094728142","https://openalex.org/W3127084502","https://openalex.org/W3143336910","https://openalex.org/W3174508664","https://openalex.org/W3174656926","https://openalex.org/W3174814557","https://openalex.org/W3183999072","https://openalex.org/W3206071277","https://openalex.org/W4210482394","https://openalex.org/W4214680478","https://openalex.org/W4226024856","https://openalex.org/W4285310777","https://openalex.org/W4288102863","https://openalex.org/W4308238062","https://openalex.org/W4310017951","https://openalex.org/W4312605586","https://openalex.org/W4315865725","https://openalex.org/W4319300274","https://openalex.org/W4366957254","https://openalex.org/W4367316141","https://openalex.org/W4385486282","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6734074887","https://openalex.org/W6745560452","https://openalex.org/W6764542186","https://openalex.org/W6801605895","https://openalex.org/W6864218697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W230091440","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W614339039","https://openalex.org/W2233261550","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2810751659","https://openalex.org/W258997015","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face-swap":[0],"DeepFake":[1,89,155],"is":[2,90,98,105],"an":[3],"emerging":[4],"AI-based":[5],"face":[6,14,21],"forgery":[7],"technique":[8,47],"that":[9,162],"can":[10,48,175],"replace":[11],"the":[12,23,38,43,87,101,109,115,144,150,153,185],"original":[13],"in":[15,80],"a":[16,19,66],"video":[17],"with":[18],"generated":[20],"of":[22,41,45,111,128,152,169,187],"target":[24],"identity":[25,96],"while":[26],"retaining":[27],"consistent":[28],"facial":[29],"attributes":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32,93],"expression":[33],"and":[34,104,133],"orientation.":[35],"Due":[36],"to":[37,56,73,83,100,137,140,159],"high":[39],"privacy":[40],"faces,":[42],"misuse":[44],"this":[46,62],"raise":[49],"severe":[50],"social":[51],"concerns,":[52],"drawing":[53],"tremendous":[54],"attention":[55],"defend":[57,120],"against":[58,121,192],"DeepFakes":[59,76,178],"recently.":[60],"In":[61,167],"paper,":[63],"we":[64,124],"describe":[65],"new":[67],"proactive":[68],"defense":[69],"method":[70,174,189],"called":[71],"FakeTracer":[72],"expose":[74,177],"face-swap":[75,88,122,154,193],"via":[77],"implanting":[78,112],"traces":[79,113],"training.":[81],"Compared":[82],"general":[84],"face-synthesis":[85],"DeepFake,":[86,123],"more":[91],"complex":[92],"it":[94,158],"involves":[95],"change,":[97],"subjected":[99],"encoding-decoding":[102],"process,":[103],"trained":[106],"unsupervised,":[107],"increasing":[108],"difficulty":[110],"into":[114],"training":[116,141],"phase.":[117],"To":[118],"effectively":[119,176],"design":[125],"two":[126,171],"types":[127],"traces,":[129,172],"sustainable":[130,165],"trace":[131,135],"(STrace)":[132],"erasable":[134],"(ETrace),":[136],"be":[138],"added":[139],"faces.":[142],"During":[143],"training,":[145],"these":[146,170],"manipulated":[147],"faces":[148,161],"affect":[149],"learning":[151],"model,":[156],"enabling":[157],"generate":[160],"only":[163],"contain":[164],"traces.":[166],"light":[168],"our":[173,188],"by":[179],"identifying":[180],"them.":[181],"Extensive":[182],"experiments":[183],"corroborate":[184],"efficacy":[186],"on":[190],"defending":[191],"DeepFake.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}