{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385453168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2023.3299516","title":"Noise-Shaping Binary-to-Stochastic Converters for Reduced-Length Bit-Streams","display_name":"Noise-Shaping Binary-to-Stochastic Converters for Reduced-Length Bit-Streams","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385453168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2023.3299516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2023.3299516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2023.3299516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062509095","display_name":"Kleanthis Papachatzopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1193-7611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kleanthis Papachatzopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021252086","display_name":"Vassilis Paliouras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-7500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vassilis Paliouras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062509095"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15709437,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"1002","last_page":"1017"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-computing","display_name":"Stochastic computing","score":0.8461466431617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6860905885696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.6011248826980591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.5816581845283508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"Noise shaping","score":0.555463969707489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitstream","display_name":"Bitstream","score":0.5191744565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.504621148109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.43729332089424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-code","display_name":"Binary code","score":0.42230498790740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.4161509573459625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3789199888706207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.2989582419395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.28968754410743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22976619005203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1895204782485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.12791317701339722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09077772498130798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780971903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933705","display_name":"Stochastic computing","level":3,"score":0.8461466431617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6860905885696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6011248826980591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.5816581845283508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.555463969707489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136695289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415568","display_name":"Bitstream","level":3,"score":0.5191744565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.504621148109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.43729332089424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63435697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864135","display_name":"Binary code","level":3,"score":0.42230498790740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4161509573459625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3789199888706207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2989582419395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.28968754410743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22976619005203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1895204782485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.12791317701339722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09077772498130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2023.3299516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2023.3299516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W605564925","https://openalex.org/W1993927936","https://openalex.org/W2010588734","https://openalex.org/W2047942249","https://openalex.org/W2097772361","https://openalex.org/W2101765144","https://openalex.org/W2104848801","https://openalex.org/W2114207671","https://openalex.org/W2121259564","https://openalex.org/W2125270192","https://openalex.org/W2127688619","https://openalex.org/W2164587179","https://openalex.org/W2171060285","https://openalex.org/W2219959730","https://openalex.org/W2297506273","https://openalex.org/W2323234897","https://openalex.org/W2345106578","https://openalex.org/W2369113192","https://openalex.org/W2478884216","https://openalex.org/W2510743367","https://openalex.org/W2522827610","https://openalex.org/W2539422612","https://openalex.org/W2607296094","https://openalex.org/W2617449615","https://openalex.org/W2738195987","https://openalex.org/W2770265919","https://openalex.org/W2782989621","https://openalex.org/W2794935685","https://openalex.org/W2801259407","https://openalex.org/W2913917727","https://openalex.org/W2967456992","https://openalex.org/W3001688831","https://openalex.org/W3012119183","https://openalex.org/W3022287786","https://openalex.org/W3022852097","https://openalex.org/W3024182033","https://openalex.org/W3036204603","https://openalex.org/W3049743334","https://openalex.org/W3089680622","https://openalex.org/W3152642997","https://openalex.org/W3158152144","https://openalex.org/W4206946485","https://openalex.org/W4248481357","https://openalex.org/W4320018421","https://openalex.org/W6726708347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2984357801","https://openalex.org/W4378881683","https://openalex.org/W4213061603","https://openalex.org/W2966138862","https://openalex.org/W2937145996","https://openalex.org/W2945611782","https://openalex.org/W2917900420","https://openalex.org/W4244971696","https://openalex.org/W2094272778","https://openalex.org/W2040281428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stochastic":[0],"computations":[1],"have":[2],"attracted":[3],"significant":[4],"attention":[5],"for":[6,33,42,48,170,218,229,248],"applications":[7],"with":[8],"moderate":[9],"fixed-point":[10],"accuracy":[11],"requirements,":[12],"as":[13,112,199],"they":[14],"offer":[15],"minimal":[16],"complexity.":[17],"In":[18],"these":[19],"systems,":[20],"a":[21,25,54,68,73,91,147,188,194,200,244,249],"stochastic":[22,86,108,148],"bit-stream":[23,30,36,87,122,160,183],"encodes":[24],"data":[26],"sample.":[27],"The":[28,35,96,158,236],"derived":[29,118],"is":[31,53,98,163],"used":[32],"processing.":[34],"length":[37,83,123,161],"determines":[38],"the":[39,59,63,82,85,121,126,135,155,171,203,219,226],"computation":[40],"latency":[41],"bit-serial":[43],"implementations":[44],"and":[45,80,130,192,213,221,232,241],"hardware":[46],"complexity":[47],"bit-parallel":[49],"ones.":[50],"Noise":[51],"shaping":[52,79],"feedback":[55],"technique":[56,74,97,137],"that":[57,75,103,119,133,185],"moves":[58],"quantization":[60],"noise":[61,78],"outside":[62,153],"bandwidth":[64],"of":[65,67,84,154,190,202,210,251],"interest":[66],"signal.":[69],"This":[70],"article":[71,181],"proposes":[72,193],"builds":[76],"on":[77],"reduces":[81],"required":[88],"to":[89,125,166,225],"achieve":[90],"specific":[92],"Signal-to-Quantization-Noise":[93],"Ratio":[94],"(SQNR).":[95],"realized":[99],"by":[100,145],"digital":[101],"units":[102],"encode":[104],"binary":[105],"samples":[106],"into":[107],"streams,":[109],"hereafter":[110],"called":[111],"binary-to-stochastic":[113,168,205],"converters.":[114],"Furthermore,":[115],"formulas":[116],"are":[117,138,142,186,216,239],"relate":[120],"reduction":[124,162],"signal":[127,173,234],"bandwidth.":[128,235],"First-order":[129],"second-order":[131,222],"converters":[132,169,223,228,238],"implement":[134],"proposed":[136,159,204],"analyzed.":[139],"Two":[140],"architectures":[141],"introduced,":[143],"distinguished":[144],"placing":[146],"converter":[149],"either":[150],"inside":[151],"or":[152],"noise-shaping":[156],"loop.":[157],"quantitatively":[164],"compared":[165,224],"conventional":[167,178,227],"same":[172],"quality":[174],"level.":[175],"Departing":[176],"from":[177],"approaches,":[179],"this":[180],"employs":[182],"lengths":[184],"not":[187],"power":[189],"two,":[191],"modified":[195],"stochastic-to-binary":[196],"conversion":[197],"scheme":[198],"part":[201],"converter.":[206],"Particularly,":[207],"SQNR":[208],"gains":[209],"29.8":[211],"dB":[212,215],"42.1":[214],"achieved":[217],"first-order":[220],"equal-length":[230],"bit-streams":[231],"low":[233],"investigated":[237],"designed":[240],"synthesized":[242],"at":[243],"28-nm":[245],"FDSOI":[246],"technology":[247],"range":[250],"bit":[252],"widths.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}