{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361856528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2023.3261748","title":"DT2CAM: A <u>D</u>ecision <u>T</u>ree to <u>C</u>ontent <u>A</u>ddressable <u>M</u>emory Framework","display_name":"DT2CAM: A <u>D</u>ecision <u>T</u>ree to <u>C</u>ontent <u>A</u>ddressable <u>M</u>emory Framework","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361856528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2023.3261748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2023.3261748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2023.3261748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075139332","display_name":"Mariam Rakka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-7960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariam Rakka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Embedded &amp; Cyber-physical Systems, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-7960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Embedded &amp; Cyber-physical Systems, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084829415","display_name":"Mohammed E. Fouda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-3428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57629906","display_name":"Nile University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cg7cp61","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed E. Fouda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Embedded &amp; Cyber-physical Systems, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center (NISC), Nile University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-3428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Embedded &amp; Cyber-physical Systems, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center (NISC), Nile University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071376756","display_name":"Rouwaida Kanj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-2917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rouwaida Kanj","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Dept., American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-2917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Dept., American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008034875","display_name":"Fadi Kurdahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-365X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadi Kurdahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Embedded &amp; Cyber-physical Systems, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-365X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Embedded &amp; Cyber-physical Systems, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9291,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73408394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"805","last_page":"810"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7395971417427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.5791774988174438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5313431024551392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5149310231208801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.47159990668296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-computing","display_name":"Stochastic computing","score":0.47121089696884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.37796658277511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.35576769709587097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34131938219070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3246881663799286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2131568193435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.11308249831199646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7395971417427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.5791774988174438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5313431024551392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5149310231208801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.47159990668296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780971903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933705","display_name":"Stochastic computing","level":3,"score":0.47121089696884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.37796658277511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.35576769709587097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34131938219070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3246881663799286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2131568193435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.11308249831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2023.3261748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2023.3261748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7725615689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-2028782","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W794638941","https://openalex.org/W2015222750","https://openalex.org/W2020300099","https://openalex.org/W2162741763","https://openalex.org/W2586231835","https://openalex.org/W2798554798","https://openalex.org/W2799821226","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2946641467","https://openalex.org/W2999615587","https://openalex.org/W3000463950","https://openalex.org/W3012798837","https://openalex.org/W3052947204","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3202965278","https://openalex.org/W4226117853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104287241","https://openalex.org/W3013369163","https://openalex.org/W4226092179","https://openalex.org/W4306791972","https://openalex.org/W4390846322","https://openalex.org/W3212867030","https://openalex.org/W2910319223","https://openalex.org/W2946056769","https://openalex.org/W1740594162","https://openalex.org/W3214776627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decision":[0],"trees":[1],"are":[2],"powerful":[3],"tools":[4],"for":[5,15,33,88,162],"data":[6],"classification.":[7],"Accelerating":[8],"the":[9,75,96,150,163],"decision":[10,34,76,97,118],"tree":[11,35,77,98,119],"search":[12],"is":[13],"crucial":[14],"on-the-edge":[16],"applications":[17],"with":[18],"limited":[19],"power":[20],"and":[21,50,84,91,108,129,140,154],"latency":[22],"budget.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"article,":[26],"we":[27],"propose":[28,39],"a":[29,40,47,69],"content-addressable":[30],"memory":[31,82],"compiler":[32],"inference":[36,64],"acceleration.":[37],"We":[38,66,94,112],"novel":[41],"\u201dadaptive-precision\u201d":[42],"scheme":[43],"that":[44],"results":[45,133],"in":[46],"compact":[48],"implementation":[49],"enables":[51],"an":[52],"efficient":[53],"bijective":[54],"mapping":[55],"to":[56,73,78,136,142,149,156],"ternary":[57],"content":[58,80],"addressable":[59,81],"memories":[60],"while":[61],"maintaining":[62],"high":[63],"accuracies.":[65],"also":[67],"develop":[68],"resistive-based":[70],"functional":[71,86],"synthesizer":[72],"map":[74],"resistive":[79],"arrays":[83],"perform":[85],"simulations":[87],"energy,":[89],"latency,":[90],"accuracy":[92,99],"evaluations.":[93],"study":[95],"under":[100],"hardware":[101,152],"non-idealities":[102],"including":[103,121],"device":[104],"defects,":[105],"manufacturing":[106],"variability,":[107],"input":[109],"encoding":[110],"noise.":[111],"test":[113],"our":[114],"framework":[115],"on":[116],"various":[117],"datasets":[120],"<i>Give":[122],"Me":[123],"Some":[124],"Credit</i>":[125],",":[126,128],"<i>Titanic</i>":[127],"<i>COVID-19</i>":[130],".":[131],"Our":[132],"reveal":[134],"up":[135,141,155],"42.4%":[137],"energy":[138],"savings":[139],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[143],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$17.8\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[144],"better":[145],"energy-delay-area":[146],"product":[147],"compared":[148],"state-of-art":[151],"accelerators,":[153],"333":[157],"million":[158],"decisions":[159],"per":[160],"sec":[161],"pipelined":[164],"implementation.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
