{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361998758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2023.3261360","title":"cuFE: High Performance Privacy Preserving Support Vector Machine With Inner-Product Functional Encryption","display_name":"cuFE: High Performance Privacy Preserving Support Vector Machine With Inner-Product Functional Encryption","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361998758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2023.3261360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2023.3261360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2023.3261360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/729507","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016402299","display_name":"KyungHyun Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-0441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyung Hyun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-0441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072449504","display_name":"Wai\u2010Kong Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-8979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wai-Kong Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-8979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044163841","display_name":"Angshuman Karmakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-588X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angshuman Karmakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSIC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-588X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSIC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022500026","display_name":"Jose Maria Bermudo Mera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0457-5728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Maria Bermudo Mera","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSIC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0457-5728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSIC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086844518","display_name":"Seong Oun Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4240-6255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong Oun Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4240-6255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75585136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"328","last_page":"343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7459259629249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-encryption","display_name":"Functional encryption","score":0.6954118013381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6778718829154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5134042501449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.402243971824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3821835517883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3796793222427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1311892867088318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7459259629249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780746774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014981","display_name":"Functional encryption","level":4,"score":0.6954118013381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6778718829154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5134042501449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.402243971824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3821835517883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3796793222427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1311892867088318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tetc.2023.3261360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2023.3261360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2496326734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","issn_l":"2168-6750","issn":["2168-6750","2376-4562"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/729507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/729507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/729507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/729507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8816412958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A6A3A13038773","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65414435","https://openalex.org/W209244779","https://openalex.org/W1502062763","https://openalex.org/W1595771334","https://openalex.org/W1669999576","https://openalex.org/W1724472458","https://openalex.org/W1972050218","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2054904172","https://openalex.org/W2080911030","https://openalex.org/W2098290658","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2345464210","https://openalex.org/W2395093458","https://openalex.org/W2552357046","https://openalex.org/W2599301877","https://openalex.org/W2787005258","https://openalex.org/W2792220042","https://openalex.org/W2866028610","https://openalex.org/W2885339274","https://openalex.org/W2900370870","https://openalex.org/W2918900813","https://openalex.org/W2925806937","https://openalex.org/W2952334088","https://openalex.org/W2957780493","https://openalex.org/W2972538228","https://openalex.org/W3034196054","https://openalex.org/W3035749312","https://openalex.org/W3127970425","https://openalex.org/W3149570512","https://openalex.org/W3155045906","https://openalex.org/W3160691049","https://openalex.org/W3177641477","https://openalex.org/W3182478132","https://openalex.org/W3189004867","https://openalex.org/W4205474236","https://openalex.org/W4231896027","https://openalex.org/W4236580217","https://openalex.org/W4389232919","https://openalex.org/W6667862597","https://openalex.org/W6677380243","https://openalex.org/W6767172828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2977762426","https://openalex.org/W1857520831","https://openalex.org/W2787865077","https://openalex.org/W16762060","https://openalex.org/W1806182398","https://openalex.org/W609944529","https://openalex.org/W3093954335","https://openalex.org/W4205482204","https://openalex.org/W2241147170","https://openalex.org/W25973253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Privacy":[0],"preservation":[1],"is":[2,17,112,203],"a":[3,18,32,75,94,140,169],"sensitive":[4],"and":[5,11,153,163],"important":[6],"issue":[7],"in":[8,117,194],"this":[9,71],"ever-growing":[10],"highly-connected":[12],"digital":[13],"era.":[14],"Functional":[15],"encryption":[16,48,81],"computation":[19],"on":[20,34,84,88,139],"encrypted":[21,35],"data":[22,36,175],"paradigm":[23],"that":[24,64],"allows":[25],"users":[26],"to":[27,60,97,126,132,173],"retrieve":[28],"the":[29,39,99,113,118,128,133,208],"evaluation":[30],"of":[31,68,78],"function":[33],"without":[37],"revealing":[38],"data,":[40],"effectively":[41],"protecting":[42],"user's":[43],"privacy.":[44],"However,":[45],"existing":[46,134],"functional":[47,80],"implementations":[49],"are":[50],"still":[51],"very":[52],"time-consuming":[53,115],"for":[54,102,107,157],"practical":[55],"deployment,":[56],"especially":[57],"when":[58],"applied":[59],"machine":[61],"learning":[62],"applications":[63],"involve":[65],"huge":[66],"amount":[67],"data.":[69],"In":[70],"article,":[72],"we":[73,167],"present":[74],"high-performance":[76],"implementation":[77,138,185],"inner-product":[79],"(IPFE)":[82],"based":[83],"ring-learning":[85],"with":[86,190],"errors":[87],"graphics":[89],"processing":[90],"units.":[91],"We":[92,121],"execute":[93],"systematic":[95],"investigation":[96],"select":[98],"best":[100],"strategy":[101],"implementing":[103],"number":[104],"theoretic":[105],"transform":[106],"different":[108],"security":[109],"levels,":[110],"which":[111,202],"most":[114],"operations":[116],"IPFE":[119,180],"scheme.":[120,181],"further":[122],"propose":[123,168],"novel":[124],"techniques":[125],"parallelize":[127],"Gaussian":[129],"sampling.":[130],"Compared":[131],"AVX2":[135,209],"implementation,":[136],"our":[137,178,184],"RTX":[141],"2060":[142],"GPU":[143],"achieves":[144],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[145,148,151,154,198,204],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$34.24\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[146],",":[147,150,159,161],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$40.02\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[149],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$156.30\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[152],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$18.76\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[155],"speed-up":[156],"<monospace>Setup</monospace>":[158],"<monospace>Encrypt</monospace>":[160],"<monospace>KeyGen</monospace>":[162],"<monospace>Decrypt</monospace>":[164],"respectively.":[165],"Finally,":[166],"fast":[170],"privacy-preserving":[171],"SVM":[172],"classify":[174,187],"securely":[176],"using":[177],"GPU-accelerated":[179],"On":[182],"average,":[183],"can":[186],"one":[188],"input":[189],"591":[191],"support":[192],"vectors":[193],"688":[195],"ms":[196],"(":[197],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$&lt;":[199],"1$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[200],"second),":[201],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$33.12\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[205],"faster":[206],"than":[207],"version.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
